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Health enhancing coping as a mediator in relationships of positive emotionality and cognitive curiosity with quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients

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Kalka D., Pawłowska M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 3
362-375
EN
The number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes has been growing recently. This chronic disease is connected with lower perceived quality of life and experiencing a lot of stressful situations. Some of these situations can be anticipated. Thus, it is possible to prepare oneself for future difficult situations by using proactive coping strategies. The aim of this research was to verify the level of satisfaction with various areas of life, the frequency of use of proactive coping strategies in the case of type 2 diabetes patients and healthy individuals, as well as mediation role of these strategies in the relationship between positive emotionality, cognitive curiosity and perceived quality of life. One hundred and seventy four persons took part in the research: 85 persons with diabetes and 89 healthy individuals. We used instruments with recognized psychometric properties: The Proactive Coping Inventory, The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-BREF, PANAS Questionnaire and State-Trait Personality Inventory. The analysis of the results showed, among other things, that people suffering from type 2 diabetes are the least satisfied with their health, and the most with their treatment and knowledge about the disease. Healthy individuals are the most satisfied with the physical domain and one’s present life, whereas the least satisfied with the environmental domain. Both groups differ in terms of using proactive coping strategies. People with diabetes most often adopt a preventive strategy, whereas healthy individuals a reflective one. Two strategies turned out to be able to mediate in the relationship of positive emotionality and life satisfaction in the diabetes group. It was a strictly proactive and preventive coping strategy. No mediation effect was found in the group of healthy people. The results show that in the face of anticipated difficulties, people with type 2 diabetes try to protect their current resources by resorting to their existing knowledge, the level of which they are most satisfied with. The higher the positive emotionality/cognitive curiosity among people with type 2 diabetes, the higher their satisfaction with life, which is due to the fact, that they more frequently use proactive or preventive strategies to cope with stress.
2
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Time Perspective in Healthy Individuals and Patients Suffering from Cancer and Diabetes

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Nozari M., Janbabai G., Dousti Y.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 6
157-165
EN
Introduction: Time orientation can significantly improve health-related prevention behaviour and influence disease outcome through boosting health-oriented behaviour. This study aims to compare time perspective between diabetic and cancerous patients, and healthy people. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 patients (105 healthy, 195 patients: 108 type 2 diabetes and 87 breast and digestive system cancer) aged 20 to 70 years (average age of 45.4 years). The samples were separated into three groups based on a convenience sampling method and were matched in terms of gender, age, education and monthly income. Data was collected through the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI-56) questionnaire and then evaluated with analysis of covariance (F test) followed by Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Results: The three groups showed different time perspectives (F = 4.213, p < 0.05) and different ranking in time orientation. Conclusion: Our findings show that the disease and its type can significantly impact the time orientation of patients. Therefore, to prevent potential subsequent outcomes, the patients’ time perspective towards disease should be improved, especially under disease conditions.
3
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Osobowość pacjentek z cukrzycą typu 2

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Kocemba I., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
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2003
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vol. 07
EN
The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between personality of 66 healthy women and 66 women with type 2 diabetes. The average age of both groups was 63. I use the 16th Personality Factors Test by Cattell. A lower level of intelligence characterizes the personality of a diabetic, they are more submissive, effusive and responsible. They are calmer and more practical in their behavior. Healthy women are more self-sufficient and unconventional.
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Who do type 2 diabetics inform about their own illness

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Matej-Butrym A., Butrym M., Rudnicka-Drożak E., Szeliga-Król J.
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
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2018
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issue 3
236-240
5
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Quality of life and proactive coping with stress in a group of middle adulthood women with type 2 diabetes

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Kalka D.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2016
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vol. 47
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issue 3
327-337
EN
In middle adulthood the intensity of stress is significantly higher than in the preceding developmental period. This stress is particularly significant in the case of chronically ill women, including those with type 2 diabetes. In this group, the disease-related stress intensifies the difficulties generated by the decrease of age-related organismic resources and in many instances impairs the quality of life. Therefore, an ability to cope with difficult situations is of crucial importance. The aim of the research was to estimate the general level of life-satisfaction, as well as the frequency and effectiveness of proactive coping strategies in a group of middle adulthood women with type 2 diabetes compared to women not suffering from diabetes. The study was conducted with methods which have acknowledged psychometric properties (SWLS, WHOQoL - BREF, PCI) as well as a survey collecting sociodemographic data. Women suffering from type 2 diabetes are less satisfied with their prior and current life, health and the physical dimension of their lives and environment. Only partially do they employ proactive coping strategies different from those used by the women from the healthy group. For life-satisfaction in its various aspects it is particularly important for the diabetic women to more often use the strategy of reflective coping and to less often seek emotional support while using the strategy of preventive coping or avoidance. The proactive strategies directed at anticipated stress are connected with the level of life-satisfaction and considered to be health resources.
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Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents

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Sobek G., Mazur A.
Medical Review
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2014
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issue 3
289-293
EN
Obesity is a global problem, more and more children have a weight above the norm. Obesity is related to circulatory system and metabolic disorders. Relations between obesity and metabolic disorders are known, however factors affecting the risk of such syndromes may extend beyond mentioned relations. Existence of vitamin D receptors in many of body cells, especially in pancreas islets of Langerhans indicates the possibility of significant role played by vitamin D in glucose homeostasis. Several epidemiological studies have reported that low 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, the most common vitamin D indicator in plasma, very frequent in obese children, is correlated with insulin resistance. Moreover, mechanism of vitamin D is associated both with calcium level in tissues, that regulate insulin synthesis and insulin secretion, and direct secretion of pancreatic beta cells. Parathormone PTH, often defined as obesity indicator, is also crucial. Its high level indicates the risk of metabolic disorders. There is no doubt that reducing of body mass together with complementation of vitamin D insufficiency is the best solution for obese children to decrease the risk of incidence and limit the consequences of type 2 diabetes, one of most common civilization disease.
PL
Otyłość jest problemem na poziomie globalnym i dotyczy w coraz większym stopniu dzieci. Prowadzi do wielu chorób, w tym głównie związanych z układem krążenia i zaburzeniami metabolicznymi. Zależności pomiędzy otyłością a chorobami metabolicznymi są powszechnie znane, jednak okazuje się, że czynniki wpływające na ryzyko zachorowalności mogą wykraczać poza wspomniane zależności. Obecność receptorów witaminy D w wielu komórkach ciała, w tym w obszarze trzustkowych wysp Langerhansa, wskazuje na możliwą istotną rolę tej witaminy w przemianach, które warunkują zachowanie właściwej glikemii. Wiele badań wskazuje, że niski poziom 25 hydroksywitaminy D, często spotykany u dzieci z nadwagą, jest skorelowany ze zwiększoną insulinoopornością. Mechanizm działania witaminy D jest nie tylko związany z regulacją poziomu wapnia w tkankach, ale także wiąże się z bezpośrednim wydzielniczym działaniem trzustkowych komórek beta, czyli regulacją syntezy i sekrecji insuliny. Nie bez znaczenia jest stężenie parathormonu PTH, często nazywanego wyznacznikiem otyłości, którego wysoki poziom świadczy o możliwym ryzyku zachorowania na choroby metaboliczne. Wątpliwości nie budzi fakt, iż obniżenie masy ciała wraz z uzupełnieniem niedoborów witaminy D u dzieci otyłych jest właściwym sposobem zminimalizowania ryzyka zachorowania lub ograniczenia skutków jednej z najczęstszych chorób cywilizacyjnych naszych czasów, cukrzycy typu 2.
7
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Poziom lęku u osób chorych na cukrzycę

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Kocemba I., UŁ I. P.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
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2004
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vol. 08
EN
Diabetes in an incurable disease. The diabetes treatment consists of keeping the blood glucose at a low level. The first aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between anxiety of healthy women and women with type 2 diabetes The second aim was to estimate the relationship between anxiety and metabolic control in diabetic women. The first group which was examined consisted of 66 women with type 2 diabetes who were at hospital and second group was formed of 66 healthy women. The average age of both groups was 53. I used the State Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) by C. D. Spilbergera and glycosylated hemoglobin for glycemic control. The research indicates that the diabetic women had a significantly higher level of trait anxiety and poorer metabolic control was correlated with state anxiety.
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