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Studia Historyczne
|
2018
|
vol. 61
|
issue 3 (243)
47-71
PL
Józef Piłsudski at the Wake of Poland's Independence. An Successful Statesman and Lost Politician Piłsudski’s engagement in the creation of the Polish military and independence movement in the years 1914-1922 established his position not only as a commander, leader, ‘moral dictator’, but also a statesman. Yet, the more Piłsudski let himself be driven by high reasons, instead of personal issues, the more he lost as a soldier and politician. He paid a high price for his moral convictions, which limited the margin of loyalty and the possibility of compromise, as well as removed the possibility of resigning from the program of struggle for the Polish state and its army.
2
80%
EN
Charles of Valois, the father of the future Bohemian queen Blanche, was one of the most famous patrons of his time. Besides chronicles, travelogues, medical manuals and an epic about Charlemagne, a code was created for him around 1320, the core of which is a book about Fauvel, a brazen horse who declared himself king. It was basically a princely mirror, thus a treatise on exemplary and bad governance. The work was written by two notaries of the royal chancellery, whose political views were in line with the ideas of Charles of Valois. Their ideal of sovereign rule turned to the past, the model was St Louis, but, in addition to the book itself, the codex also contains other verse and musical compositions, illuminations and a tendentious chronicle of recent events. One can consider his knowledge of 14th century Bohemia under the reign of the Luxembourgs (e.g., the fresco in Strakonice, verses by Guillaume de Machaut).
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