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PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie losów konwentu augustianów-eremitów w Sierakowie nad Wartą. Był to jedyny w Wielkopolsce klasztor tego zgromadzenia, a w diecezji poznańskiej drugi po warszawskiej placówce św. Marcina. Problemem badawczym jest ustalenie dat funkcjonowania klasztoru, jak również fundacji. Autor skłania się ku temu, że konwent ufundowała Wichna, lecz nie wyklucza też działania Maćka Borkowica. Datuje również fundację na II poł. XIV w., i wpisuje w chronologię tworzenia placówek zakonu w Polsce i na Śląsku. Oprócz tego opisał dzieje gospodarcze jak i społeczne klasztoru, oraz skład społeczny konwentu. Klasztor uległ likwidacji w okresie Reformacji, z powodu rozprzężenia zakonników, a majątek prawdopodobnie przejął fundowany w 1619 r. klasztor bernardyński.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the history of the Augustinian Eremite Convent in Sieraków on Warta. It was the only monastery of the Augustinian Order in the Greater Poland and the second one after St. Martin’s Convent in Warsaw in the Dio-cese of Poznan. The research problem is to establish the dates of the Convent’s and the foundation’s functioning. The author believes that the Convent was founded by Wichna, however he does not exclude the activity of Maciek Borkowic. He dates the foundation at the second half of the 14th century, being in accordance with the chro-nology of creating outposts of the Order in Poland and Silesia. He also presents the economic and social history of the convent as well as its social composition. The convent was dissolved in the times of the Reformation because of the disorderly conduct of the monks and its properties were probably taken over by the Benedictine Monastery founded in 1619.
EN
In the Archdiocesan Archive in Poznań, among the KA 10 969 records, an interesting document has been preserved. In October 1828 the Gniezno and Poznań metropolitan archbishop Teofil Wolicki received a lengthy letter from Fr. Jan Kompałła. The parish priest from Bukowice was requesting from the archbishop an intercession with the Prussian authorities in order for the property of dissolved monasteries to be bequeathed to the Catholic Church. In five well-grounded points, he presented reasons for which this property was not supposed to be handed over to the Protestants, as well as demonstrated how to utlise it practically. He suggested –among other things– that monastery buildings serve as lodgings for retired priests or impoverished families, and as institutes devoted to upbringing and education of children bourn out of wedlock. He intended the former Franciscan monastery in Grabów to be converted into a gymnasium for the Catholic youth. Education was meant to protect them from the partitioner’s endeavours to deprive them of the national identity. He was also asking the archbishop to elicit from the lay authorities the consent to move part of the equipment –even of the active monasteries– to poorer parish churches. He argued that these temples had been neglected for centuries, since the nobility had always been donating their lavish gifts exclusively to religious orders. Fr. Kompałła’s letter resulted in the Poznań Administrative Office’s directive no. 348 of 19 December 1828 and the Poznań Archiepiscopal Consistory’s directive no. 119 of 14 January 1829 sent to 22 deans in the territory of the Poznań diocese. They were instructed to gather information on what sort of equipment would be useful for the poor parish churches within the deaneries they were in charge of. Few were the parish priests who admitted that their temples did not need anything. The rest submitted lists –of various length– of the desired equipment. A tabular listing of the objects was sent to the Poznań Administrative Office by the consistory. These lists (collected in an thick cardboard-bound archival unit –poszyt– KA 12 236) were undoubtedly used afterwards to distribute the equipment of the dissolved monasteries.
EN
The purpose of this study is to find the answer to the question of ecclesiastical administrative affiliation regarding the area between the Vistula and Wieprz Rivers. This relatively narrow aspect of the research was the subject of academic controversy over the possible influence of the organization of Methodian Christianity, not only on the designated area, but in general on Polish soil. The vast majority of authors – even if some of them allow for a wide geographic range of Methodian influence – firmly opposes the idea of the presence of any structure of the Methodian rite in the lands north of the Carpathian Mountains, regarding this idea as unsubstantiated. The form of territorial organization of the Church involving the land between the Vistula and Wieprz Rivers could only be in the Latin bishopric of Poznań, which was undoubtedly a permanent diocesan structure that depended directly on the Holy See from its earliest period. Theoretically, if the area between the Vistula and the Wieprz Rivers had been included in the territory that on the Czechs in the second half of the tenth century, it would have also belonged to the Diocese of Prague and the Metropolis of Mainz, or, a bit later, to the Diocese of Olomouc. The formal nature of that membership would have probably involved a lack of durable local structures of Christianity, which also had to be a characteristic of the first decades of their dependence on the Diocese of Poznan. It seems that it was only the entrance of the lands between the Vistula and Wieprz Rivers into an administrative relationship to the Bishops of Cracow and the Metropolitans of Gniezno in the late tenth and eleventh centuries, which proved to be a stable association that would be strengthened in material and spiritual significance in the coming decades and centuries.
PL
Celem artykułu jest znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie o najwcześniejszą kościelną przynależność administracyjną obszaru między rzekami Wisłą i Wieprzem. Zagadnienie to było już przedmiotem kontrowersji akademickich w zakresie możliwego wpływu chrześcijaństwa metodiańskiego nie tylko na wskazanym obszarze, ale w ogóle na ziemiach polskich. Zdecydowana większość autorów – nawet jeśli niektórzy z nich dopuszczają przekonanie o jakimś oddziaływaniu metodiańskim – stanowczo odrzuca obecność jakiejkolwiek zorganizowanej struktury tego obrządku na ziemiach na północ od Karpat. Organizacja terytorialna Kościoła między rzekami Wisłą i Wieprzem może być bez wątpienia wiązana dopiero z poznańskim biskupstwem łacińskim. Było ono dla omawianego terenu bezsprzecznie pierwszą trwałą strukturą diecezjalną, zależną zresztą bezpośrednio od Stolicy Apostolskiej. Co prawda, jeśli założymy polityczną przynależność tego terenu w drugiej połowie X wieku do Czech, należałoby uznać jego jeszcze wcześniejsze uzależnienie od diecezji praskiej i metropolii mogunckiej oraz nieco późniejszą przynależność do diecezji ołomunieckiej. Formalny charakter tego związku pozbawiony byłby jednak trwałych lokalnych struktur chrześcijaństwa, co musiało być zresztą charakterystyczne także dla pierwszych dekad zależności od biskupstwa w Poznaniu. Wydaje się więc, że dopiero wejście ziem między Wisłą i Wieprzem w kościelno-administracyjną zależność od biskupów krakowskich i metropolitów gnieźnieńskich na przełomie X i XI wieku okazało się stabilnym związkiem pod względem materialnym i duchowym.
EN
In the investigated period of the years 1768–1793, the Poznań diocese belonged to the Gniezno metropolitan area and comprised the territory of more than 28 000 square kilometers, divided into two parts - Great Poland and Masovia. Poznań bishops resided mainly in Warsaw, in the Masovian part. The diocesan office in the years 1768–1780 was held by Andrew Stanislaus Młodziejowski and in the years 1780–1793 by Anthony Onuphrius Okęcki, both involved in state issues, includ- ing the post of crown chancellors. Pontifical duties were performer mainly by bishops suffragan, while the diocese was managed by general curates. The cathedral chapter in Poznań, constituted by 10 prelates and 23 canons, was the elite of the clergy. In addition to that, there were other bodies of clergy like curates, penitentiaries, two missionary colleges, rorantists and altarists. Collegiate chapters existed in three churches in Poznań, as well as in Warsaw, Środa Wielkopolska (Great Poland), Szamotuły and Czarnków. The area of the diocese was divided in to four archdeaconships - Poznań, Śrem, Pszczew and Warsaw - each divided into deaconships, amounting to the number of twenty nine. Within the territory of the diocese there were 466 parish churches and a significant number of churches and chapels of various character, with an abundance of priests. The clergymen derived mainly from the townspeople, and delegates of the bishop visiting the parishes positively assessed their moral conduct. In 1772 there were 78 male monasteries with 1549 monks and 17 female monasteries in the whole diocese.
PL
In the investigated period of the years 1768–1793, the Poznań diocese belonged to the Gniezno metropolitan area and comprised the territory of more than 28 000 square kilometers, divided into two parts - Great Poland and Masovia. Poznań bishops resided mainly in Warsaw, in the Masovian part. The diocesan office in the years 1768–1780 was held by Andrew Stanislaus Młodziejowski and in the years 1780–1793 by Anthony Onuphrius Okęcki, both involved in state issues, includ- ing the post of crown chancellors. Pontifical duties were performer mainly by bishops suffragan, while the diocese was managed by general curates. The cathedral chapter in Poznań, constituted by 10 prelates and 23 canons, was the elite of the clergy. In addition to that, there were other bodies of clergy like curates, penitentiaries, two missionary colleges, rorantists and altarists. Collegiate chapters existed in three churches in Poznań, as well as in Warsaw, Środa Wielkopolska (Great Po- land), Szamotuły and Czarnków. The area of the diocese was divided in to four archdeaconships - Poznań, Śrem, Pszczew and Warsaw - each divided into deaconships, amounting to the number of twenty nine. Within the territory of the diocese there were 466 parish churches and a significant number of churches and chapels of various character, with an abundance of priests. The clergymen derived mainly from the townspeople, and delegates of the bishop visiting the parishes positively assessed their moral conduct. In 1772 there were 78 male monasteries with 1549 monks and 17 female monasteries in the whole diocese.
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