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Polityka zagraniczna Polski w latach 1945–1949 w opinii Poselstwa Królestwa Norwegii w Warszawie

100%

Denkiewicz-Szczepaniak E.

Zapiski Historyczne

2012

vol. 77

issue 1

41-64

The article discusses the Polish foreign policy in the years 1945–1949 on the basis of political reports of the Diplomatic Mission of the Kingdom of Norway in Warsaw. What was given special attention was the evaluation of Poland’s relations with Germany and the Soviet Union, their influence on domestic and economic issues of Poland, including particularly the problem of the Polish western border, economic help for Poland and its relations with communist neighbours. The article consists of three essential parts. The first part addresses the problems connected with the location of the Norwegian diplomatic post in Warsaw, the role of the ambassador of Norway in Moscow Rolf Andvord. The figure of the extraordinary diplomat of Norway, Alfred Danielsen, was also presented here. This part also describes the difficulties connected with the organization of the diplomat’s work. The next part of the article contains interpreted reports of the Diplomatic Mission of Norway presenting the German problem in Poland’s foreign policy, in particular the question of recognizing Poland’s new western border on the Oder and the Lusatian Neisse. They include the commentaries of the members states of the Potsdam Conference: W. Churchill at the university in Fulton on 5 March 1946, the Foreign Secretary of the USA J. Byrnes in Stuttgart on 6 September 1946, and minutes from the sessions of the Council of Foreign Ministers. The article stresses the contact between representatives of Poland and Norway in relation to their participation in the preparations for the London session in January 1947. The author analyzes the Moscow session (10 March–24 April 1947) and the last session in London (25 November–15 December 1947), which did not succeed in solving the German problem. The article also refers to Danielsen’s notes concerning the collapse of cooperation and the intention of the West to create West Germany, and in the East – the consolidation of the communist states under the protection of the Soviet Union. The article underlines the commentary of the Norwegian diplomats concerning the Warsaw conference of 23–24 June 1948, in which participated foreign ministries of 8 countries of the so-called people’s democracy led by the USSR. The third part of the article discusses and comments on the mutual relations between Poland and the USSR, and other Slavic countries, paying special attention to the visits of the Polish government’s representatives in Moscow on 23–26 May 1946, and next from 25 February to 5 March 1947. The article refers to the main problems and results of the visits presented in reports, including the most important relations of Poland with other Slavic countries, particularly with Czechoslovakia. Another important issue touched upon in the article is the Norwegian diplomats’ commentary to the process of the creation of the communist bloc in Poland and other Slavic countries, the Polish authorities’ increasing distrust of the Western diplomatic posts, including the Norwegian one, and various restrictions in mutual contacts. The article also stresses the real relations between Poles and the Soviets, as well as the role of Marshal Rokossowski.

Sytuacja w Polsce w latach 1949–1956 w relacjach dyplomatów duńskich

75%

Gawinecka-Woźniak M.

Zapiski Historyczne

2013

vol. 78

issue 3

129-152

The decision to establish cooperation between Denmark and Poland aft er WWII was determined by economic reasons. Poland became an important supplier of coal to Denmark. Despite the fact that the countries belonged to two opposing political-military blocks, the Danish diplomatic post in Warsaw observed what was going on in Poland and the changes taking place in Polish home policy. The years 1949–1956 were eventful: the Polish United Workers’ Party took over power in the country and the anti-clerical offensive and Stalinist terror mounted; the culminating point of the period were the events of October 1956 and Władysław Gomułka took over. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the manner in which the Danish post in Warsaw described and evaluated the changes taking place in Poland in the years 1949–1956, which events attracted the interest of diplomats and which were considered insignificant. Danish diplomats perceived postwar Poland as a country where the communist system had been imposed by the USSR and was closely controlled by the Soviets. Nevertheless, they had a liking for the Polish nation, particularly for Bolesław Bierut whom they regarded as a real statesman. Danish diplomats in their reports analysed the economic situation in Poland, recorded economic reforms, and described the relations of Poland with Germany.

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2 Zapiski Historyczne

1 Denkiewicz-Szczepaniak E.

1 Gawinecka-Woźniak M.

1 2013

1 2012

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Polityka zagraniczna Polski w latach 1945–1949 w opinii Poselstwa Królestwa Norwegii w Warszawie

Sytuacja w Polsce w latach 1949–1956 w relacjach dyplomatów duńskich