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EN
The virtualization of money triggered by the unprecedented progress in the field of electronic collection, processing and transmission of information has resulted in significant changes in systems of payment through banks and other financial institutions. The paper-based payment system, based on the exchange of paper documents, turns out to be inadequate to the increasingly dominant electronic (virtual) money economy. Hence, in recent years it has been of utmost importance to provide the public with access to modern payment instruments and to take into account the need to adapt the Polish payment infrastructure to the requirements of the modern consumer. The most efficient type of settlement are non-cash bank electronic settlements. The aim of the paper is to analyze the trend of the non-cash trade in Poland and to evaluate trends in the payment instruments market in Poland against the rest of the EU.
PL
Wirtualizacja pieniądza wywołana niebywałym w ostatnich latach postępem w dziedzinie gromadzenia, przetwarzania i przesyłania informacji drogą elektroniczną spowodowała znaczące zmiany w systemach płatności realizowanych za pośrednictwem banków i innych instytucji finansowych. Istniejący w epoce pieniądza papierowego system płatniczy oparty na wymianie dokumentów papierowych okazuje się nieadekwatny do coraz bardziej dominującego w gospodarce pieniądza elektronicznego. Stąd też w ostatnich latach znaczenia nabiera konieczność zapewnienia społeczeństwu dostępu do nowoczesnych instrumentów płatniczych oraz dostosowania polskiej infrastruktury płatniczej do wymagań współczesnego rynku. Najbardziej efektywnym rodzajem rozliczeń są bezgotówkowe bankowe rozliczenia elektroniczne. Celem artykułu jest analiza upowszechnienia obrotu bezgotówkowego w Polsce oraz ocena tendencji zmian na rynku instrumentów płatniczych w Polsce na tle pozostałych krajów UE.
EN
In this article, I deal with the fundamental issues regarding cheques and their form in the first draft of the law of cheques, which was drawn up by Stanisław Wróblewski, prepared by the Codification Committee and published with its motives in 1923. The draft law did not assume the full emancipation of the material cheque law and subjected the cheque to the specified scope of legal regulation provided for in the promissory note. On the other hand, it emphasized formal emancipation: (1) exclusion of the cheque institution, as well as the promissory note, from general civil law, and consequently subjecting them to special regulation; as well as (2) separating the matter of cheques from the promissory notes, that is the development of a cheque act separate from the promissory note act. As regards the form of cheques, the draft law relied on art. 1–7 of the Hague resolutions of 1912. The Polish codifiers departed from this model, especially when it was required by the economic conditions of Poland, taking special care to prevent situations that could discredit cheques at the beginning of their development. Therefore, they did not accept in particular the solution proposed in the Hague resolutions (Article 5), which did not accept the scriber’s capacity as the condition of cheque validity.
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