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EN
By means of Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, a new component, i.e. the greening payment, has been included into the Union direct support scheme rendering direct support conditional upon applying by farmers the compulsory agricultural practices beneficial for the climate and the environment. The legal nature of the greening payment and consequences of noncomplying with the set obligations are being analyzed. The new environmental conditionality of direct support is considered by referring to the existing system of the cross-compliance principle. The requirement of farmer’s declaration on compliance with the environmental obligation already at the stage of application for payment should be seen as an important achievement on the path of setting a compulsory link between the common agricultural policy and the environmental policy of the Union; numerous exceptions from applying environmental practices might however weaken the system.
EN
The article concerns the problems of the profitability of dairy farms, which according to classification of the Central Statistical Office, belong to the group of very small and small farms. Analysis of production and economic situation covers the years 2015-2020 and takes into account the changes in the regulations in terms of direct support for farms. Data from 94 farms, characterized by high specialisation in the production of milk, were used for the purpose. The study takes into account the volatility of milk prices and milk yield of cows, this in turn allowed to achieve distribution of agricultural income in each year of the analysis. The results show that small dairy farms in the coming period can expect an increase in farm income, but their level in half of the farms does not exceed the income parity. The risk of negative agricultural income refers to a small number of farms and the occurrence of this phenomenon is unlikely.
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