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EN
Disciplinary proceedings are these of repressive nature wherein penalties which limit the freedom and rights of a guilty person can be adjudicated. Such pro-ceedings are diversified and have no pattern for developing models of the disci-plinary responsibility of particular professions, including professions of public confidence. By focusing on the diversification of disciplinary proceedings, in-cluding the rules of such proceedings in particular models, the authoress opts for uniforming rules of the proceedings. She considers it necessary and possible to define basic rules of disciplinary proceedings which can be referred to while developing a code of disciplinary proceedings or different models of proceed-ings for particular occupation groups or professions. The article postulates rules which, according to the authoress, seem to be fundamental while not necessarily fit for all types of disciplinary proceedings. She notes that her suggestions are to be a proposal for the further discussion on developing standards of reliable pro-cedures in disciplinary proceedings.
EN
The dynamic development of the legal system of Ukraine and the ongoing process of reform and transformation of a wide range of social relations make state institutions and public organisations look for new effective models of managing various spheres of social life, as well as for mechanisms of the protection of human and citizens rights and freedoms. Since the proclamation of the independence of the Ukrainian State, the Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) of Ukraine, when drawing up the legal framework, has been following the «man-oriented» concept aimed at ensuring and fulfilling a whole number of rights of natural and legal persons. The Constitution of Ukraine has undeniably been the crowning achievement of the legislative process. In the context of the discussed problems it is worth mentioning that under art. 55 of the Constitution of Ukraine everybody has the right to appeal against a decision, action or lack of action of state or local government and of a public servant. The said regulation ensures the rights and legal interests of citizens in the sphere of public relations. The challenge may take the form of an appeal against a decision by court of first instance, a cassation appeal, an administrative plaint or action against action or lack of action of a public agency or public servant, an appeal to the commission on labor disputes against a disciplinary penalty, and the like.One of the independent institutions, conditioned by the stage of appeal proceedings, is the institution of appeal in the administrative and jurisdictional procedure, which holds a special place in the system of protection of rights and freedoms of citizens and legal persons. In spite of the relevance of research on the subject matter, it is beyond the interest of the administrative and legal science.
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EN
The principle of open proceedings is a guarantee of reliable judicial process. The considerations aim at answering the question whether this principle of open proceedings is applicable to discipli-nary trials. Starting by a short characteristic of the specificity of disciplinary proceedings, the authoress passes to justifying a need of the applicability of the principle of open proceedings into all the models of disciplinary liability in order to ensure the procedural fairness and constitutional identity for the accused.
PL
The aim of the study it to discuss the issue of disciplinary proceeding in the context of entity subject to disciplinary liability, the subject matter, the autonomy and the purpose. The author focuses on the ruling of the Supreme Court passed on January 24th 2013, which suggests the application of the rules of criminal proceedings as more appropriate for the subsidiary application of the disciplinary proceedings. Nevertheless the Supreme Court draws attention to another, equally important issue which became apparent in connection with the above – the diversity and lack of consistency of solutions used by the legislature pursuant to a disciplinary proceedings.
EN
The amendment is aimed at preventing situations where, on the basis of unfounded allegations, a teacher or school head is suspended in the performance of his/her duties. In the author’s opinion, the source of the problem, which the draft regulation is intended to solve, has not been properly identified, because sufficient justification of the charges against a teacher depends on the practice of bodies applying the law, and not on the applicable regulations. In the proposed shape, the regulations may impede the detection and punishment of disciplinary torts concerning violation of children’s rights and interests. The author also postulates a change in editorial rules.
EN
The principle of openness is one of the basic principles of the criminal procedure. It is understood as a directive which provides the society with access to information about criminal procedures. Since the amendments to the Act on the Supreme Audit Office of 23rd December 1994 entered into force, as a result of which Article 4a was added (Disciplinary responsibility of nominated auditors), the principle of openness has not been discussed separately in studies dedicated to the disciplinary proceedings at NIK. Article 97p of the Act on NIK refers to appropriate application of the regulations of the Code of Criminal Procedure with regard to issues that are not regulated in the Act. Taking the above into account, it needs to be considered to what extend the closing of the hearing to the public can be applied to disciplinary proceedings against nominated auditors.
EN
The article attempts to discuss the contents that should be comprised in the most important decision issued by the NIK Disciplinary Commission, namely a decision on punishment. It provides for assigning the person accused in the disciplinary proceedings with a disciplinary breach, and a decision on punishment. Due to mistakes in the decision contents, the Appeal Disciplinary Commission, or the administrative court that hears the decisions of the Appeal Disciplinary Commission, may overrule the decision. Overruled decisions on punishment and consequent repeated hearing, negatively affect the image of NIK as a widely-recognised institution that performs its duties in a professional manner.
EN
The article attempts to discuss the reasons for dismissing disciplinary proceedings at the Supreme Audit Office and the contents of the ruling that the Disciplinary Committee should issue in this regard. Since the provisions of the Act on NIK of 23rd December 1994 do not regulate this issue, and Article 97p of the Act sets forth that the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Polish: k.p.k.) should be applied accordingly. The ruling on dismissal of disciplinary proceedings at NIK should include the contents listed in Article 413(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The provisions of Article 17(1) of the Code shall also be applied accordingly. The article presents a set of situations when criminal proceedings shall not be conducted or shall be dismissed. Since we should assume that a dismissal of disciplinary proceedings, similarly as is in the case of dismissal of criminal procedure, takes place when further proceedings are impermissible or pointless.
EN
In the Act of 23rd December 1994 on the Supreme Audit Office, the appeal procedure has been regulated in a very general way, in the chapter entitled Disciplinary Liability of Appointed Auditors. With regard to the manner and course of the procedure, it has been stated that the adjudication team of the Disciplinary Committee for Appeals makes a ruling after the case has been heard. The Act on NIK does not contain provisions that would regulate the course of the adjudicating trial, but it rather refers to appropriate application of other regulations. In his article, the author discusses the stages of the appeal trial: initial proceedings, the disciplinary procedure, opinions of the parties. The article also presents the regulations related to a break and adjournment of the appeal trial applied in the disciplinary procedure at NIK.
EN
However for last 40 years disciplinary liability was generally out of scope of doctrine, recently it is noted constant increase of interest of that part of law. There are many reasons for that, including involving new professional groups and respective strictness and inconsistence of disciplinary provisions. The latter is aggravated by heterogenicity in various corporations and governing by substatutory regulations. Unfortunatelly, an unification of criminal law, being applied mutatis mutandi, is only partial remedy. In that elaboration author analyzed regulations between various corporations to extract basic and common rules and to denominate differences. The complexity augments fact that not only acts have binding effect, but also delegated regulations. That creates sophisticated network of law and professional knowledge, with additional problem of overlapping lex generalis and lex specialis in uncommon proportion. Above mentioned differences concern not only substantive law but also, if not even wider, procedural one. Interestingly, what author depicts, there is even not identical wording used in description of analogical names or definitions. Disciplinary liability, as cumulative to the criminal one, tends to protecting rights of accused person, as generally rule ne bis in idem is not in force. It concerns basic rights, like dignity and equality under the law. It is necessary strict cooperation and open discussion between professionals and legislator, as proper disciplinary liability rules need both protect society and allow to realize freely duties of practitioners.
EN
Criminal case law is important for understanding the legal situation of a notary - not only in the area of disciplinary and criminal liability. It also affects the status of the notary, who is at the same time the editor of an official document and a participant in notarial proceedings.
EN
Polish Border Guard and the Government Protection Bureau are uniformed services whose status officers and the rules of the service are regulated in a similar manner. However, in the case of the disciplinary proceedings in both services there are significant differences in the legislation governing the liability of officers. A Polish Border Guard officer is subject to disciplinary action for the violation of professional discipline, ethics violations and other cases established by law. The list of acts for which he is liable to disciplinary action is closed. However, an officer of the Government Protection Bureau renders himself liable to disciplinary action for violation of professional discipline and in other cases provided for by law, and therefore the list of disciplinary offenses is open. A disciplinary superior in Polish Border Guard and the Government Protection Bureau combines the functions of the entity engaged in the disciplinary proceedings and adjudicating, and an accused officer can use the help of a professional attorney. The rights of accused officers should be strictly observed by their disciplinary superiors. Weaknesses in this area result in the repeal of disciplinary decisions by the administrative courts. The penalty catalogue in both of the uniformed services is similar. However, the decision on the sentence should always provide reasons for the choice and severity of penalty. The disciplinary superior justifying the penalty should rely on the objectives of proceedings, the nature of the offense and the attitude of the punished officer. No ruling shall be allowed, unless it provides reasons for disciplinary punishment.
EN
The article presents issues related to the appeal proceedings in disciplinary cases of academic teachers. The publication analyzes problems such as subjective and temporal aspects of the appeals lodged, the course of the proceedings, and possible decisions that can be taken.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia problematykę związaną z postępowaniem w trybie odwoławczym w sprawach dyscyplinarnych nauczycieli akademickich. Zostały w nim poddane analizie zagadnienia takie jak: aspekt podmiotowy oraz aspekt temporalny wnoszonych odwołań, przebieg samego postępowania oraz rozstrzygnięcia mogące w nim zapaść.
14
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EN
In an article dating from 1924, the prominent scholar attempts to determine the limits of the fundamental guarantee of judicial independence. The author prefaces the study with a quote from Abbatucci: “When irremovability ceases to protect the parties and protects the person of the judge alone, it loses its raison d’être”. Without seeking to undermine the essential purpose of irremovability-insofar as it safeguards judicial independence and impartiality-Waśkowski nevertheless discusses situations in which irremovability becomes an obstacle to the judiciary.
PL
W artykule z 1924 r. wybitny uczony próbuje określić granice fundamentalnej gwarancji niezawisłości sędziowskiej. Autor poprzedza analizę cytatem z Jeana Charlesa Abbatucciego (1816-1885): „Gdy nieusuwalność przestaje zabezpieczać strony a chroni wyłącznie osobę sędziego, traci rację bytu”. Nie próbując podważać zasadniczego celu nieusuwalności – w zakresie, w jakim chroni ona niezawisłość i bezstronność sędziów – Waśkowski omawia sytuacje, w których nieusuwalność staje się przeszkodą dla wymiaru sprawiedliwości.
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EN
The article analyzes the possibilities of conducting mediation in sports disputes. The author cites solutions relating to various types of disputes, including financial, disciplinary, strictly sports-related, administrative and inter-institutional. As part of the conclusions, the author lists practical and theoretical aspects of conducting mediation in disputes, in which the use of mediation is required or promoted by the procedural law, and in disputes, where the use of mediation results or may result from internal regulations of sports associations.
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy możliwości prowadzenia mediacji w sporach sportowych. Autor przytoczył rozwiązania odnoszące się do różnych rodzajów sporów, w tym majątkowych, dyscyplinarnych, stricte sportowych, administracyjnych i międzyinstytucjonalnych. W ramach wniosków wskazano na praktyczne i teoretyczne aspekty prowadzenia mediacji w sporach, w których stosowanie mediacji wynika z przepisów ustaw regulujących tryb postępowania oraz w sporach, gdzie stosowanie mediacji wynika lub może wynikać z regulacji wewnątrzzwiązkowych.
EN
The article is devoted to the subject of proceedings’ standards in disciplinary proceedings against the Police officers. The author discusses in details each of the standards in accordance to the provisions of the Police Act. Views presented in the article lead to the conclusion that current regulations of the Police Act on officers’ disciplinary proceedings realize values identified with described proceedings’ standards. The idea of the proceedings’ justice is realized by the Polish disciplinary proceedings against the Police officers.
PL
W niniejszym artykule autorka przedstawia standardy proceduralne w postępowaniu dyscyplinarnym prowadzonym wobec funkcjonariuszy Policji, omawiając jednocześnie w sposób szczegółowy poszczególne standardy w kontekście regulacji zawartych w ustawie o Policji. Przedstawione rozważania prowadzą do konkluzji, iż przepisy o postępowaniu dyscyplinarnym wobec policjantów realizują utożsamiane z poszczególnymi standardami wartości, wypełniając przesłanki stosowania idei sprawiedliwości proceduralnej.
EN
The article’s purpose is to present the appeal proceedings as a part of the disciplinary proceedings against soldiers. The publication analyzes the procedural aspect and the temporal aspect. In this study, the author also scrutinizes the types of decisions issued in appeal proceedings.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki postępowania odwoławczego w ramach postępowań dyscyplinarnych żołnierzy. Zostały przeanalizowane w nim aspekt proceduralny oraz aspekt temporalny. Autorka poddaje analizie w przedmiotowym opracowaniu także kwestie rodzajów orzeczeń wydawanych w postępowaniu odwoławczym
PL
Działania dyscyplinarne stanowią jeden z zasadniczych, a zarazem niezbędnych elementów postępowania penitencjarnego, które służy zapewnieniu porządku oraz bezpieczeństwa instytucjonalnego. Gdy ich podejmowanie i prowadzenie następuje w sposób rozsądny i umiarkowany, a zwłaszcza sprawiedliwy, wtedy czynności te służą nie tylko ochronie zdrowia, bezpieczeństwa i zabezpieczeniu wszystkich osób uczestniczących w życiu więziennym, ale również stanowią pozytywny czynnik w procesie resocjalizacji więźniów. W artykule przedstawiono zasady postępowania dyscyplinarnego obowiązujące w stanie Nowy Jork.
EN
Prison disciplinary actions constitute one of the essential and – at the same time – necessary elements of penitentiary proceedings, which serve to ensure order and institutional security. When they are undertaken and conducted in a reasonable and moderate, and especially fair manner, then these activities not only protect the health, safety and security of all people participating in prison life, but also constitute a positive factor in the process of rehabilitation of prisoners. The article presents the rules of disciplinary proceedings in the State of New York.
EN
Coverage of the solemn benefit performance in honour of attorney Jan Ciećwierz, which took place at the headquarters of the Bar Association in Warsaw on 9 June 2019. The concert was an opportunity to recollect and share anecdotes and jokes from the Bar practice and courtroom. Attorney Jan Ciećwierz is one of the most distinguished Warsaw attorneys, especially merited for his work for the Disciplinary Court of the Bar. The article also contains the current biography of attorney Jan Ciećwierz.
EN
This draft position of the Sejm concerns the constitutional complaint of 13th August 2015. In the proposed draft position the author claims that the Article 107 paragraph 1 of the Act of 27th July 2001 – the Law on the System of Common Courts is in compliance with the Article 42 para. 1 sentence no. 1 in conjunction with the Article 2 of the Constitution. The author states that the challenged provision does not infringe the principle of specificity of law, and that the nullum crimen sine lege principle is applicable to the disciplinary proceedings only in a suitable way. Moreover, he claims that in the remaining scope of the complaint the proceedings should be discontinued pursuant to Article 40 para. 1 subpara. 1 of the Act on the Constitutional Tribunal due to the inadmissibility of the judgment.
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