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EN
The principle of equal rights for the same obligations is one of the core legal principles. A non-exhaustive catalogue of grounds for discrimination has been listed in the provisions of the constitutional as well as in the European law. This means that only certain grounds for discrimination are specified as examples in those provisions. These include sexual orientation. The commented judgement concerns the allegation of employment and labour discrimination (the so-called conditions for access to self-employment) and the anti-discrimination protection for self-employed persons, i.e. those providing services under a contract for specific work. The Court of Justice of the European Union found that the refusal, based on the sexual orientation of a person, to conclude or renew a contract with that person concerning the performance of specific work by that person in a self-employed activity is a potential factor of discrimination (to be examined by the national court) and cannot be justified by Article 5(3) of the Law on equal treatment. In particular, a position which accepts that freedom of contract allows a refusal to enter into a contract with a person on the basis of that person’s sexual orientation would be to deprive Article 3(1)(a) of Directive 2000/78 of its effectiveness (effet utile), in so far as that provision specifically prohibits any discrimination based on such a ground as regards access to self-employment. The co-authors agree with the position of the Court and with the reasoning presented, while also referring to both: the philosophical grounds of the equality principle and the consequent need for an inclusive approach, and to the concept of judicial dialogue provided by preliminary ruling mechanism.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza rozwiązań przyjętych w polskim ustawodawstwie w zakresie ochrony przez dyskryminacją ze względu na orientację seksualną przy zawieraniu umowy o świadczenie usług w ramach zatrudnienia niepracowniczego. W szczególności, niniejsze uwagi mają celu skonfrontowanie przepisów ustawy z 3 grudnia 2010 r. o wdrożeniu niektórych przepisów Unii Europejskiej w zakresie równego traktowania z regulacją dyrektywy Rady 2000/78/WE ustanawiającej ogólne warunki ramowe równego traktowania w zakresie zatrudnienia i pracy. Szczegółowa analiza treści dyrektywy uwzględniająca jej interpretację dokonaną przez TSUE w wydanym 12 stycznia 2023 r. wyroku prejudycjalnym (C-356/21) prowadzi do wniosku, iż ustawa o równym traktowaniu wdraża przepisy dyrektywy w sposób nienależyty, a standard ochrony przed dyskryminacją ze względu na orientację seksualną gwarantowany przez polskiego ustawodawcę jest niższy niż wymaga tego prawo unijne.
EN
The subject of the article is an analysis of the solutions adopted in Polish legislation in the field of protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation by concluding a non-employment contract for the provision of services. In particular, it aims to confront the provisions of the Act of 3 December 2010 on the implementation of certain provisions of the European Union regarding equal treatment with the regulation of Council Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. A detailed analysis of the content of the directive, taking into account its interpretation of the CJEU in the preliminary ruling (C-356/21) issued on 12 January 2023, leads to the conclusion that the Equal Treatment Act implements the provisions of the directive improperly, and the standard of protection against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation provided by the Polish legislator is lower than required by EU law.
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