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Supervenience, Dependence, Disjunction

100%
Humberstone L.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
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2019
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vol. 28
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issue 1
3-135
EN
This paper explores variations on and connections between the topics mentioned in its title, using as something of an anchor the discussion in Valentin Goranko and Antti Kuusisto’s “Logics for propositional determinacy and independence”, a venture into what the authors call the logic of determinacy, which they contrast with (a demodalized version of) Jouko Väänänen’s modal dependence logic. As they make clear in their discussion, these logics are closely connected with the topics of noncontingency and supervenience. Two opening sections of the present paper address some of these connections, including related earlier logical work by the present author as well as very recent work by Jie Fan. The Väänänen-inspired treatment is presented in a third section, and then, in Sections 4 and 5, as a kind of centerpiece for the discussion, we follow Goranko and Kuusisto in elaborating one principal reason offered for preferring their own approach over that treatment, which concerns some anomalies over the behaviour of disjunction in the latter treatment. Sections 6 and 7 look at dependence and (several different versions of) disjunction in inquisitive logic, especially as presented by Ivano Ciardelli. Section 8 revisits the less formal property-supervenience literature with issues from the first two sections of the paper in mind, and we conclude with a Postscript addressing a further conceptual issue pertaining to the relation between modal and quantificational dependence logics.
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Functionality of conjunctions as a factor obfuscating comprehension of legal texts (demonstrated on examples from the Slovak labor code):

100%
Žuľová J.
The Lawyer Quarterly
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2020
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vol. 10
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issue 4
393-401
EN
Law and language are mutually related and interconnected. The comprehensibility of legal texts is directly affected by the clarity of its individual provisions. The more clauses a sentence contains, the more difficult it is for the percipient to perceive its meaning. The complexity of sentences and their compound structure is typical of legal texts, compound sentences are, in fact, a quintessential feature of legal expression. The paper deals with the issue of syntactic complexity of the normative text concerning conjunctions. It focuses on the use of conjunctions and and or in the legal text on examples from the Labor Code and explains the interpretative risks caused by non-compliance with the functional limitations of these conjunctions.
3
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Experimentální studie akceptace pravidel přirozené dedukce v českém jazyce

67%
Drobňák M., Peregrin J., Matějíček P., Hubálek M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2021
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vol. 82
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issue 1
67-83
EN
Gentzen’s rules of natural deduction define the basic inference patterns which govern the use of logical constants within the logical system of natural deduction. In general, these rules are considered to represent a model that significantly approximates the actual use of counterparts of logical constants by competent speakers in everyday communication. Despite the fact that Gentzen’s system is assumed to approximate the inferential patterns of the use of counterparts of logical constants in natural languages, empirical studies mapping the system’s deviations from natural languages are rather rare. The aim of our research is, therefore, to find out to what extent the rules of natural deduction are in accordance with the use of counterparts of logical constants by competent Czech speakers. In our research, we employ the method of validity judgment tasks, in which respondents assess whether a sentence can be inferred from a short text. The results confirm that seven rules of natural deduction (conjunction introduction, conjunction elimination, disjunction elimination, implication elimination, existential quantifier introduction, universal quantifier introduction, universal quantifier elimination) are in accordance with the use of their counterparts by competent Czech speakers, and three rules (implication introduction, negation introduction, disjunction introduction) exhibit various levels of deviation.
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