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Roczniki Filozoficzne
|
2017
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
185-204
EN
The purpose of this paper is an attempt to present and analyse one of the most intriguing and unique elements of Leibniz’s philosophy of right—the relationship between love (amor, dilectio, caritas) and justice (iustitia)—mainly based on selected excerpts from the Elementa Iuris Natu­ralis (1669–1671) and the preface to the Codex Iuris Gentium Diplomaticus (1693). The author presents the characteristics of this close connection (particularly noticeable in definitions of justice as habitus amandi omnes and caritas sapientis) and she tries to answer the question about the reasons for this relationship referring to the metaphysical assumptions and principles of Leibniz’s philosophy. With respect to the latter the author also explains significance of the connection between love and justice in Leibniz’s philosophy of right as a part of his whole philosophical system.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba przedstawienia i analizy jednego z najbar­dziej intrygu­jących i oryginalnych elementów filozofii prawa Leibniza — związku między miłością (amor, dilectio, caritas) i sprawiedliwością (iustitia) — głównie na podstawie wybranych frag­mentów z Elementa Iuris Naturalis (1669–1671) i przedmowy do Codex Iuris Gentium Diplo­maticus (1693). Autorka prrezentuje charakterystykę owej ścisłej realacji (widocznej szcze­gól­nie w defi­ni­­cjach sprawiedliwości jako habitus amandi omnes i caritas sapien­­tis) i stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie o przyczyny tego związku, odwołując się do metafizycz­nych założeń oraz zasad Leibnizjańskiej filozofii. W odniesieniu do tych ostatnich autorka wyjaśnia rów­nież znaczenie związku między miłością a sprawiedliwością w filozofii prawa Leibniza jako częś­ci całego jego systemu filozoficznego.
EN
In The Eudemian Ethics 1237B6–7 Aristotle seems to suggest that if the ethical friend has an unpleasant odour, he is left by his friend. The article is devoted to demonstrating that the ethical friendship is not the apparent friendship. For this purpose author presents the characteristics of the true friend and distinguishes two types of the ethical friendship, the first between good men, i.e. men with a typical mixture of good and bad traits of character, the second between noble men, i.e. the best men who are heroes of intellect and character – intellect because prudent, character because noble. On this basis author shows three interpretations which neutralize controversial statement. According to the first interpretation – called “superhuman stink” – unpleasant odour is impossible to endure for the men, even good or noble. Therefore ethical friend must leave his friend in such circumstances. According to the second interpretation – called “one-dimensional courage” – ethical friend, who has an unpleasant odour is left by ethical friend, since one, who leaves can not endure stinking friend. The reason is that he has one-dimensional courage and apart from direct hostilities he does not cope with own weakness. According to the third interpretation– called “heroic solitude” – ethical friend, who has an unpleasant odour does not want to grieve his friend. Therefore decides to heroic solitude – heroic, since a human being is a civic being and one whose nature is to live with others– and leaves his friend.
EN
The article is an attempt to analyze the process of education as an experience of love based on friendship. The preface explains the close relationship which exists between love and friendship and reciprocal range of meaning of these values as well as key concepts. Against the background of the considerations made an analysis of experience and education as a fundamental lack of experience of these, closely related values and the effects of deprivation of these values. The whole is entered by the measures concerned cursory theoretical reflection on the relationship between love, friendship and education. In the end this resulted in a short concrete indications on how to start this process of education based on love, built by the friendship.
EN
Accord ing to the diagnosis posed by Pope Francis, interest in eschatology, on both the academic and pastoral level, is going through a crisis. The Holy Father expressed his opinion on the occasion of the 23rd public session of the Pontifi cal Academies that took place on 4 December 2018 in the Vatican. The leading theme was: „Eternity, the other face of life”. However, it can be noted that there are some problems regarding the relationship of temporal and eternal life, which still bother modern man and incline him to pose questions about his fate after death. The article is an attempt to answer one of these questions: is it enough to be a good man to get to Heaven? Considerations in this article focus on the purposes of practical eschatology. This means that through the theological refl ection on the concepts of „a good man” and „to get to heaven” the article aims at off ering the right answers, as well as formulating practical conclusions to shape the proper attitude towards life and eternity.
PL
Według diagnozy postawionej przez papieża Franciszka, zainteresowanie eschatologią na poziomie akademickim i duszpasterskim przeżywa kryzys. Ojciec Święty wyraził swoja opinię przy okazji XXIII wspólnego posiedzenia członków Akademii Papieskich zgromadzonych 4 grudnia 2018 roku w Watykanie, które odbyło się pod hasłem: „Wieczność, inne oblicze życia”. Jednakże można zauważyć, że pewne problemy dotyczące związku życia doczesnego i wiecznego wciąż nurtują współczesnego człowieka i skłaniają do stawiania pytań o jego los po śmierci. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na jedno z takich pytań: „Czy wystarczy być dobrym człowiekiem, żeby dostać się do nieba?”. Prezentowane rozważania mają na celu stać się przyczynkiem do eschatologii praktycznej. Oznacza to, że poprzez teologiczną refl eksję nad treścią pojęć: „dobry człowiek” i „dostać się do nieba” pragnie się doprowadzić do sformułowania odpowiedzi i wskazania praktycznych wniosków kształtujących właściwe postawy wobec życia i wieczności.
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