Search results

1

Evidentiary Hearings in Civil Proceedings – Selected Problems

100%

Czerwińska B.

Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem

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2018

|

vol. 10

|

issue 4

106-118

EN

The purpose of this article is to discuss selected problems related to conducting evidentiary hearings in civil proceedings, with a special emphasis on the essence of a motion for evidence and on the option to file it. The performed analysis covered both primary and secondary legislation concerning the formal matters related to filing motions for evidence, the possibilities of admitting evidence, the procedure of taking evidence, and the deliberations on the outcome of the evidentiary hearings. The regulations as they are in force at present offer no possibility to present evidence at the discretion of the parties and participants of the proceedings. It is therefore very important to use the evidence in accordance with the legislator’s suggestions so as not to be deprived of the chance to receive a favourable court decision only because the court finds the motion for evidence as having been filed too late.

2

Wpływ standaryzacji wzorów dokumentów na poziom dostępności elektronicznych usług publicznych

100%

Mamrot S., Stachowicz M.

e-mentor

|

2016

|

issue 1 (63)

54-58

EN

The authors investigated a level of the implementation of Act of 24 April 2014 amending particular acts due to standardization of specific document patterns in administrative procedures. The new legal provisions, which have effected for almost 14 months, enabled the introduction of uniform, nationwide, electronic documents templates in various administrative procedures. Electronic templates of application forms were implemented to facilitate and speed up running business in Poland. The authors analyzed the number of documents templates which were published in central repository of document templates. They investigated whether the publishing of document template influenced the possibility of completion administrative procedure electronically. The goal of the analyzed legislation was to simplify the legal environment and to facilitate running business, making templates of form applications electronically available. The results of the conducted research unequivocally indicated that this goal was only slightly achieved (only 19% of procedures mentioned in the Act is available electronically). Moreover, the authors deeply analyzed the legal acts, including the Act of 17 February 2005 on the Computerization of Activities of Entities Performing Public Tasks, in order to present a wider approach to standardization of documents templates.

3

Exploring Cognitive Concepts in the National Assessment of the Indonesian Language

100%

Ramly R., Makassar Abduh A.

The New Educational Review

|

2018

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vol. 53

142-152

EN

Since there is not much available information on cognitive research in the Indonesian context, this paper aims to fill this knowledge gap. Using the notion of Bloom’s taxonomic framework, this paper explores the cognitive elements and representation in the Indonesian language curriculum. A content analysis approach is used in this study. The content analysis is an appropriate tool because it is related to the official documents of the Indonesian national language assessment that is available publicly. The method of data analysis employed a systematic content descriptive text approach. The findings of the study reveal that the content representation of the cognitive taxonomic framework is not balanced among factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive knowledge. The findings suggest that the government is recommended to revise the current test questions of the national assessment of the Indonesian language competence.

4

List w służbie pamięci. Dokumentalny wymiar korespondencji Wisławy Szymborskiej i Kornela Filipowicza

89%

Wojciechowska A.

Stylistyka

|

2019

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vol. 28

193-212

EN

The paper focuses on the documentary aspect of a letter as a speech genre. The corpus comprises the letters exchanged between Wisława Szymborska and Kornel Filipowicz, written between 1966 and 1985. The study aims toanalyse how the participants of the epistolary dialogue present historic and social issues, and to what extent a private letter may serve memory. The analysis proves that the topics in the texts revolve around every day and ordinary issues – important only for the correspondents. Historical facts and social affairs are reported selectively, always from the sender’s point of view, and in relation to the addressee and the circumstances. They are often expressed in a disguised form (by means of allusion, understatement, joke, irony) which is determined by two factors: the fear of censorship and the correspondents’ literary abilities and their similar personality traits. The data reveals that a letter – considered as one’s account of events and a secondary mnemonic genre – may serve memory onlyin some ways but not completely because it “remembers” the past in a relative and limited way.

5

Dokumenty systemu literackiego jako przedmiot badań empirycznych

89%

Umerle T.

Forum Poetyki

|

2020

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issue 19

62-73

EN

The paper identifies the category of “documents of a literary system” as a basis for empirical literary studies research. It presents literature and documentation studies, bibliographical and information-scientific aspects of identifying, processing and using documents in this discipline. Based on the available literature, basic types of such objects and their functions within a literary system are indicated. The paper indicates that the dispersion of descriptive procedures of such objects plays a key role for the success of empirical research in literature studies, and it proposes treating this problem as a challenge in adapting the research infrastructures to the empirical needs of literature analyses

PL

Artykuł identifykuje kategorię „dokumentów systemu literackiego” jako podstawy empirycznych badań literaturoznawczych. Zaprezentowane zostają zarówno literaturoznawcze, jak i dokumentacyjne, bibliograficzne i informacyjno-naukowe aspekty identyfikowania, przetwarzania i wykorzystywania dokumentów w tym obszarze badań. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu wskazane zostają podstawowe typy takich obiektów oraz ich funkcje w obrębie systemu literackiego. Artykuł wskazuje, że rozproszenie procedur opisu takich obiektów ma kluczowe znaczenie dla powodzenia literaturoznawczych badań empirycznych oraz proponuje potraktowanie tego problemu jako wyzwania dostosowania infrastruktur badawczych do potrzeb empirycznych analiz literatury.

6

The use of a document attesting an untruth. Review of literature and judicature.

88%

Jankowska-Prochot I.

Internal Security

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2016

|

vol. 8(1)

137-146

EN

This article is devoted to criminal issues under Article 273 of the Criminal Code involving the use of a document attesting an untruth. The specific nature of this influenced the structure of the article. It is composed of an introduction, an exposition of four substantive areas and a summary. In the first section, which is of an introductory nature, the author analyses the construction of criminal law pertaining to documents and items of generic and individual legal protection. Attention is also drawn to the role of public confidence in documents and to the reliability of activities of state institutions and local government. Dogmatic considerations, which are an important element of this article, are supported by a comprehensive presentation of the opinions contained in the Polish literature.In the second section the criteria for a causative act of using a document are defined. In this case, beyond insights of a general nature, reference is made to jurisprudence opinion.The third section presents detailed definitions of documents attesting an untruth made by the issuer, and as a result of an issuer being misled, based on an analysis of existing legislation, doctrine and the jurisprudence of common courts. The last section is devoted to an executing entity referred to in Article 273 of the Criminal Code and the criminal sanctions threatened for this act. The concluding section of the study constitutes a recapitulation of the preceding considerations.

7

Nowe koncepcje regulacji wymogów formalnych w prawie polskim

88%

Grochowski M.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

|

2017

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vol. 26

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issue 4

805-843

EN

The text addresses the foundational problems of the amendment to the Civil Code of Poland of 10 July 2015. It introduced significant alterations to the provisions on formal requirements, seeking to modernize them and provide higher degree of flexibility. The crux element of this reform has been the introduction of a new type of formal requirement – the documentary form (Article 772 of the Civil Code) – and of the definition of a document (Article 773 of the Civil Code). These new legislative concepts have been based on an assumption of diving regulatory tasks between the legislation and the practice (both conduct of the parties to juridical acts and the judiciary). They do not indicate exhaustively technical features that have to be met to observe particular formal requirement, but only frame them in a general way, indicating the core functional features (e.g. intelligibility of a document’s content and identifiability of its author). This is a novel approach, providing formal requirements with a higher degree of flexibility at the cost of precision and definitiveness of a formal requirement. Construed in this way, formal requirement has to supplemented by the parties to the particular juridical act (who can choose particular way of communication statements between them) or courts (which typically scrutinize ex post, if particular way of conveying information satisfied the formal requirement). The text expands on this foundational observation, framing the conceptual and practical features of the attitude adopted in the amendment. It tries also to analyze the newly-adopted solutions against the background of similar concepts in the European Union regulations and to integrate them with the already existing framework of domestic private law.

8

Application of capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of coloring matter on paper

88%

Król M.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2017

|

vol. 44

23-40

EN

Modern law enforcement agencies are constantly struggling with crimes against documents. Due to increasing quality of counterfeit documents and different physicochemical properties of inks, such crimes are becoming harder to detect. This situation obliges forensic laboratories for the development and implementation of testing procedures with the use of some modern techniques of chemical analysis. CE opens up numerous possibilities for various analytical applications, mainly due to its numerous advantages, the diversity of its modes and the compatibility with different detection systems. This study focuses on discussing two modes of CE: CZE and MECC and three different detection systems: DAD, LIF and MS. By using them information about substances exhibiting absorption, fluorescence and about molecular mass of analyzed compound can be received. In the Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry many different coloring matters were examined, including ballpoint, fountain pen, gel and stamp pad inks in most popular colors as well as a large group of branded and off-brand printing inks. The obtained results showed the great applicability of CE-DAD method. It has been proved that LIF and MS detections improve the discriminating possibilities of CE providing additional information on samples.

9

Wiarygodność dokumentów w polskim prawie karnym

88%

Płońska A.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

|

2014

|

vol. 32

43 - 55

EN

The article presents an extremely important issue, which is the credibility of documents on the basis of Polish criminal law. The author explains the definition of a document under Article 115 § 14 of the Polish Criminal Code on the background of the concept of document within other related fields, such as criminal procedure law and criminology. The author also points out the essence and importance of the credibility of documents as a generic subject of protection of provisions contained in Chapter XXXIV of the Criminal Code, stressing also the importance of expert handwriting examination in assessing the credibility of documents.

10

Dokumentalne portrety kobiet w filmach Ireny Kamieńskiej

88%

Tes U.

Dziennikarstwo i Media

|

2018

|

vol. 10

37-43

PL

The author presents one of the main topics in Irena Kamieńska’s documentary oeuvre — the problems of women. In the article she discusses two kinds of female portraits created by the director — strong and full of enthusiasm (Good Morning, Children, Next Point on the Agenda), and helpless, without any hope (Workers; Day After Day). Of crucial importance is the sociological-historical context, referred to by the author, which makes it possible to take a broader view on the conditions in which the protagonists of Kamieńska’s documentaries lived. In addition, the author discusses the director’s attitude to her protagonists.

11

International co-operation in combating cybercrime. Selected issues

88%

Cieśla R.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2018

|

vol. 47

91-103

EN

The article discusses selected aspects of international co-operation in combating selected types of cybercrime. The complex character of criminal activity besetting contemporary banking causes numerous difficulties and poses many challenges, such as detecting and apprehending perpetrators. Online banking crime constitutes a specific category, comprising cashless transactions and electronic data processing. The specific environment of online banking, where crime is committed, determines the nature of traces left by perpetrators; it also necessitates creation of new forensic methods based on modern technology. The more sophisticated the crime, the more difficult it is to identify the perpetrators. Therefore, international co-operation in combating cybercrime is essential.

12

Kommunikativ-pragmatische Determiniertheit des internationalen Dokuments „Charta“ (am Beispiel der Europäischen Charta der Regional- oder Minderheitensprachen)

88%

Ivanenko S.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2022

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issue 22

45-58

EN

The traditional interpretation of the term “non-fiction/official” includes a number of features that are often mandatory for their texts. In modern linguistics the non-fiction/official prose is interpreted differently, which can be traced back to the analysis of the research objects under new aspects. As a result of this process, we can observe that theoretical terms have lost their definitional precision and that their boundaries are often fluid. In the present article the attempt is made to show the relativity of constraint features for non-fiction/official prose using the example of the international document “Charter”, which is characterized from a communicative-pragmatic point of view. In doing so, the peculiarities of pragmatic strategies and tactics of a collective author are taken into account and their use of language in relation to a collective recipient is worked out. The analysis of the communication situation, inherent to a Charter, which typifies the characteristics of the text subtype “Charter”, has pointed out the relativity of characteristics and confirmed it. As an international document, the Charter has the characteristics of a law addressed to professionals as well as to the broad mass of the population. The peculiarity of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages consists in the possibility of choosing the appropriate clause for the activities of the state and municipal organs according to the language-political situation on site, which the Charter as a legal sub-type of the documents “de lege ferenda” with less mandatory Forms character. This feature of the charter has a particularly strong impact on its third part, demonstrating the influence of the pragmatic communication goal on the modification of the text type form in its linguistic form.

13

Wpływ współczesnych migracji terrorystycznych na bezpieczeństwo

88%

Zabrocki P. R.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2021

|

issue 2 (34)

107-123

EN

The premise of this text is to analyze by means of selected examples the issues related to the broad definition of security, and modern and developing terrorist migration. Moreover, the aim of this paper is to approach the subject in question from the perspective of the current legal state by means of the formal and dogmatic method, but also by means of the method of criticism and analysis of the literature, which will allow a full understanding of the shape, functioning and causes of errors of modern security bodies. The above will influence the formulation of de lege ferenda postulates in the conclusion. The European Union is based on solid foundations. So how does globalisation, in its broadest sense, affect the world around us and the elementary values of the modern world? Modern terrorism, which strikes at the security of developed countries, is undoubtedly a global phenomenon that also sows fear for normal existence in one’s own country. Unrestricted, cross-border terrorist activity is leading to intra-community division. This is the result of internal conflicts over common values. The surveillance and detection of migrants from outside the European community who are criminals is becoming a more difficult task with time. This is due to the fact that terrorist organisations operate according to a well-defined plan, creating extensive networks and recruiting new members for their groups in many countries simultaneously. The fight against terrorism is being waged on Europe’s streets and in the homes and schools of its citizens. The struggle for security begins at the borders of European countries. What is crucial in this fight is the latest equipment and cooperation between security bodies, including the special services of all the countries of the European Union and NATO. It is essential to introduce appropriate legislation to limit the free movement of people who commit crimes and to develop methods to distinguish terrorists from economic migrants or refugees. The state must guarantee the security of its citizens and combat terrorism effectively.

14

The Holocaust – the Border of Pragmatic Language

87%

Prušková Z.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2017

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issue 12

259-270

PL

The theme of the paper is observing and revealing non-pragmatic language that, when dealing with deliberately chosen texts about acts of violence, leads to productive aesthetic disturbance. In its substance, this language refers to the gulf between intensity of representation and ideological intention towards a reader declared in a complicated manner. The paper discusses five texts with the theme of the Holocaust. Three of them deal with the Holocaust as with a recent experience, namely Curzio Malaparte’s Caput (1944), Žofia Nalkowska’s Medallions (1945), and Leopold Lahola’s Last Thing (1949–1956, published in a book in 1968); whereas two other ones deal with the Holocaust after some time in a form of belles-lettres memoirs or testimony, namely Juraj Špitzer’s I Did Not Want to Be a Jew (1994) and Jerzy Kosiński’s Painted Bird (in English in 1965, Czech translation was published in 2011). All interpreted texts are marked by specific language situated beyond the border of traditional literary representation. This language is either extremely subjective, expressive and periphrastic – in this case it borders on with absurd Realism or nonsense (in case of C. Malaparte, J. Kosiński, and L. Lahola) – or, in its neutral representation (in case of Ž. Nalkowska, and J. Špitzer), it borders on with a melancholic self-referential document on limits of cultural humanism or of normal, common humanity.

15

Problem podpisu pod dokumentem urzędowym

75%

Górecki P.

Studia Administracyjne

|

2013

|

issue 5

235-257

PL

Podpis jest elementem konstytutywnym zarówno dokumentu urzędowego, jak i prywatnego, sporządzonego na nośniku papierowym oraz elektronicznym. Jego brak nie pozwoli na urzeczywistnienie woli wystawcy dokumentu, gdyż będzie on stanowił przeszkodę wprowadzenia dokumentu do obrotu prawnego. Problematykę podpisu jako części składowej dokumentu należy rozpatrywać na różnych płaszczyznach i w porównaniu z innymi znakami graficznymi – parafami. Podstawowymi zagadnieniami dotyczącymi tej problematyki będą: pojęcie podpisu, jego funkcje, treść podpisu, posługiwanie się jego skrótem bądź podpisem nieczytelnym, porównanie podpisu i parafy. Dalszymi kwestiami, nie mniej istotnymi, są klasyfikacja dokumentów i pojęcie dokumentu urzędowego, a także konsekwencje prawne związane z nieprzestrzeganiem wymogów prawnych co do treści i formy podpisu.

EN

A signature is a constitutive element of both public and private documents drawn up on paper or electronically. Its absence disables the materialisation of the document’s subject as it poses an obstacle during the introduction of the document into legal transactions. The issue of the signature as a constitutive element of a document should be examined at different levels and it should be compared to other visual elements – check signatures. The basic topics concerning this subject are: the notion of a signature, its functions, its content, using initials or illegible signatures, comparison between a signature and a check signature. Other matters of no less importance are document classifications and the public document notion as well as the legal consequences of non-compliance with legal requirements concerning the content and form of a signature.

16

Postępowanie dowodowe w procedurze cywilnej – wybrane zagadnienia

75%

Czerwińska B.

Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem

|

2018

|

vol. 10

|

issue 4

90-105

EN

The purpose of this article is to discuss selected problems related to conducting evidentiary hearings in civil proceedings, with a special emphasis on the essence of a motion for evidence and on the option to file it. The performed analysis covered both primary and secondary legislation concerning the formal matters related to filing motions for evidence, the possibilities of admitting evidence, the procedure of taking evidence, and the deliberations on the outcome of the evidentiary hearings. The regulations as they are in force at present offer no possibility to present evidence at the discretion of the parties and participants of the proceedings. It is therefore very important to use the evidence in accordance with the legislator’s suggestions so as not to be deprived of the chance to receive a favourable court decision only because the court finds the motion for evidence as having been filed too late.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie wybranych kwestii problematyki związanej z przeprowadzeniem postępowania dowodowego w procedurze cywilnej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem istoty wniosku dowodowego oraz możliwości jego zgłoszenia. Analizie poddane zostały przepisy ustawowe i podustawowe dotyczące zarówno kwestii formalnych składania wniosku dowodowego, możliwości dopuszczenia dowodu, sposobu przeprowadzenia dowodu, a także roztrząsanie wyników postępowania dowodowego. Przepisy obowiązujące w obecnym kształcie nie dają możliwości zgłaszania dowodów według własnego uznania przez strony i uczestników postępowania, dlatego też niezwykle istotne jest stosowanie ich zgodnie z zaleceniem ustawodawcy, tak aby nie zostać pozbawionym wydania korzystnego rozstrzygnięcia tylko z tego powodu, że Sąd uzna wniosek dowodowy za spóźniony.

17

Starożytne zabytki Kościoła mówią o wierze pierwszych chrześcijan. Przesłanie Jana Pawła II z okazji 150. rocznicy powstania Papieskiej Komisji Archeologii Sakralnej (1852-2002)

75%

II J. P.

Vox Patrum

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2002

|

vol. 42

11-14

EN

document

PL

dokument

18

Przemówienie Jana Pawła II do uczestników zebrania ogólnego Papieskiej Komisji Archeologii Sakralnej

75%

II J. P.

Vox Patrum

|

2002

|

vol. 42

15-17

EN

document

PL

dokument

19

Działalność gospodarcza ks. Franciszka Józefa Wybickiego (1709-1765)

75%

Kropidłowski Z.

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

|

2009

|

vol. 91

103-118

EN

Priest Franciszek Józef Wybicki came from a moderately rich noble family, who rendered great service to the country. Judging from the numerous posts he served at the request of the bishops of Włocławek, he was an educated theologian and lawyer. Apart from managing the parish of the Archangel Michael in Skarszewy (1736-1765), he was a surrogate to several general officials in Gdańsk since 1743; in 1747 he was first mentioned as one of the canons in the Włocławek chapter. Since 1758 he was the chancellor of the Kruszwice chapter and the archdeacon of the Pomorian District since 1764. His business activity was limited to the parish in Skarszewy, situated in the vicinity of Gdansk. First of all, he rebuilt the parish church, which had been consecrated in 1750, where he founded two altars: the main altar, devoted to the Archangel Michael and the one devoted to St Mary. In addition, he built a poor-house for 8 people and furnished it generously. The farm buildings were also restored. He tried to regain the sums due to the provosts of Skarszewy, suing the debtors in six trials; he won one case, two others were still in court when he died and, in view of the fact that he lacked sufficient evidence to win, he renounced the remaining ones. Priest F.J. Wybicki did not do any business himself; he was content with rebuilding and leasing two home farms, a large and a small one; he also regenerated the parish forest and renounced the taproom rights. He collected tithes, offerings on account of iura stolae or Christmas visits, Easter confessions or donations for celebrating masses. The total parish revenues came up to 3 thousand florins and about 200 bushels of wheat and oats. The tenants were obliged to work 132 days a year for him. Owing to his efforts, the revenues rose by 50%, the parish remaining one of the most profitable in 18th century Poland. It should be noted that he resigned the offerings of the guild of bakers, whose request to do so was based on their difficult financial situation.

20

Dokumenty rosyjskie z początku XX wieku na temat Jasnej Góry

75%

Czaplicki B.

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

|

2011

|

vol. 95

11-32

RU

Город Ченстохов находился до I мировой войны в пределах Российской Империи. Этообусловило специфическую историю Ясной Горы. Автор, принимая во внимание состояние прежних исследований, предпринял попытку изучения российских архивных документов начала XX в., касающихся Ясногорского монастыря. Они сохранились в Российском государственном историческом архиве в Санкт-Петербурге и в Государственном архиве в г. Лодзь. Первые находятся в фонде Департамента духовных дел иностранных исповеданий Министерства внутренних дел, который контролировал неправославные вероисповедания, вторые - в фондах канцелярии и правительства Петроковского губернатора. Другие российские и польские архивы содержат лишь немногие документы, связанные с Ясной Горой. Документы подтверждают, что почти все решения, даже по незначительным вопросам, касающиеся монастыря, принимались российскими центральными властями в Санкт-Петербурге. Потом «спускались» по ступеням бюрократической лестницы, из Министерства внутренних дел, через Департамент духовых дел, в канцелярии Варшавского генерал-губернатора, Петроковского губернатора, начальника Ченстоховского уезда. Сходным был путь полицейских распоряжений. Большая часть проанализированных бумаг - входящая переписка и копии исходящих документов. Их ценность различна. Среди них есть как оригиналы, так и черновики высланных писем. Документы говорят об особом внимании российских властей к католической монашеской жизни, о стремлении к ее ограничению, а на самом деле к ликвидации. Сохранение паулинского монастыря в Ченстохове, несмотря на внешние репрессии и внутренние проблемы, свидетельствует об том, что он находился под особой Божьей защитой. Ясна Гора оставалась для лишенного независимости польского народа символом свободы и укрепляла веру и единство поляков. В то же время толпы паломников со всего разделенного границами края становились самой лучшей защитой монастыря от его ликвидации.

Refine search results

Evidentiary Hearings in Civil Proceedings – Selected Problems

Wpływ standaryzacji wzorów dokumentów na poziom dostępności elektronicznych usług publicznych

Exploring Cognitive Concepts in the National Assessment of the Indonesian Language

List w służbie pamięci. Dokumentalny wymiar korespondencji Wisławy Szymborskiej i Kornela Filipowicza

Dokumenty systemu literackiego jako przedmiot badań empirycznych

The use of a document attesting an untruth. Review of literature and judicature.

Nowe koncepcje regulacji wymogów formalnych w prawie polskim

Application of capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of coloring matter on paper

Wiarygodność dokumentów w polskim prawie karnym

Dokumentalne portrety kobiet w filmach Ireny Kamieńskiej

International co-operation in combating cybercrime. Selected issues