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EN
The author acknowledges the necessity for a comprehensive regulation of the implementation of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in Polish law. However, he remains critical towards the bill in question. He considers the solutions concerning the concept of implementing judgments to be defective. The author also indicates errors related to the proposed manner of implementing judgments, in particular to the problem of issue of individual and general measures, the so-called just satisfaction, as well as to determining the scope of executive duties of the state.
PL
Podstawową zasadą wysłuchania publicznego jest to, że może w nim uczestniczyć każdy. Jego celem jest dostarczenie prawodawcy w danej sprawie argumentów i opinii różnych podmiotów oraz wyważenie sprzecznych interesów stron. Jest to zatem ważna instytucja pozwalająca na wzmocnienie partycypacji obywateli w procesie tworzenia prawa na etapie procesu legislacyjnego. Niestety, praktyka pokazuje, że instytucja wysłuchania publicznego wykorzystywana jest niezwykle rzadko i tylko częściowo spełnia swoje zadanie – stwarzania płaszczyzny do jawnego przedstawienia interesów wszystkich stron zainteresowanych wpływaniem na kształt procedowanej regulacji. Celem opracowania jest nie tylko ukazanie najistotniejszych elementów konstrukcji normatywnej tej instytucji, ale także próba sformułowania postulatów de lege ferenda, które pozwolą na jej lepsze wykorzystanie w praktyce.
EN
The fundamental principle of public hearing is that everyone may take part in it. Its main aim is to deliver various opinions, reasons and arguments to the law-maker, which allows to balance the conflicting interests. Therefore, it is an important mechanism to strengthen the citizens’ participation in making law and legislative process, since it creates the area to set out clearly all the various interests of different groups. Unfortunately, the institution of public hearing is not used very frequently and serves its purpose only partially. This paper is an attempt not only to present the normative structure of such institution, but also some de lege ferenda remarks that may lead to its better and wider use.
Prawo
|
2019
|
issue 328
179 - 198
EN
The study is devoted to the evolution of the right of appeal in the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure of 1928. The author discusses the most important stages of the work on the draft code. He demonstrates that the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure of 1928 was characterised by the principle of three-level proceedings (first instance, appeal and cassation), which was an important element of procedural guarantees. It should be noted that the proposal, repeatedly presented in the literature, to abolish appeal and transform three-level proceedings into two-level proceedings was not put into practice in the inter-war period. After the end of the Second World War the legislator in communist Poland did keep the 1928 Code of Criminal Procedure in force, but new legislative acts were issued, constructing a special kind of two-level proceedings, which combined elements of appeal and cassation. Then, one of the elements of a major amendment to the Code of Criminal Procedure in 1949–1950 was the replacement of three-level proceedings including appeal and cassation, with two-level revision proceedings.
DE
Die Bearbeitung wurde der Entwicklung des Grundsatzes des Instanzenzuges in der polnischen Strafprozessordnung aus dem Jahre 1928 gewidmet. Besprochen wurden die wichtigsten Etappen der Arbeit an dem Entwurf des Gesetzbuches. Es wurde bewiesen, dass der Grundsatz des dreiinstanzlichen Verfahrens (Berufung und Kassation), der ein wichtiges Element der Verfahrensgarantien darstelle, für die polnische Strafprozessordnung aus dem Jahre 1928 charakteristisch war. Der Gesetzgeber Volkspolens bewahrte zwar nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges die Gesetzeskraft der Strafprozessordnung aus dem Jahre 1928, aber gleichzeitig gab er neue Rechtsakte heraus, in welchen er ein zweiinstanzliches Verfahren spezifischen Charakters konstruierte, das Elemente der Berufung und Kassation verband. Später war der völlige Verzicht auf das dreiinstanzliche Berufungs-Kassations-Verfahren ein der Elemente der grundsätzlichen Novellierung der Strafprozessordnung in den Jahren 1949-1950 zugunsten des zweiinstantionellen Revisionsverfahrens.
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