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EN
Disputes and even conflicts regarding the legal situation of the fetus (unborn child) justify the need for debate also among lawyers. Apart from the areas of extreme controversy, there are also such areas where research cooperation seems possible. The fate of children affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders is one that should be of concern to all. The paper outlines the medical, economic and social context of FASDs. Against this background, the legal aspects of these damages are presented through the prism of Polish criminal, civil and administrative law, including draft legal solutions. The author justifies the thesis on the need to use non-penal legal instruments to counteract the causes of FASDs, in order to complement educational, informational and support activities undertaken for the same purpose.
EN
The main aim of the article is to present the attempts to reform the electoral system for the Supreme Council of Ukraine in the period after Euromaidan. Legal solutions contained in the drafts of the electoral law that were registered and submitted to a vote in the parliament have been analyzed. Analysis of electoral manifestos, provisions of the coalition agreement concluded in the Supreme Council in its 8th term, and the results of voting on individual bills in the parliament allowed the position of particular political forces on the need to reform the electoral system to be presented. Additionally, analysis of the results of public opinion polls made it possible to determine the electoral systems most desired by the Ukrainian public.
PL
Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest przybliżenie prób reformy systemu wyborczego do Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy podejmowanych w okresie przypadającym po Euromajdanie. Analizie zostały poddane rozwiązania prawne zawarte w zarejestrowanych i poddanych pod głosowanie w parlamencie projektach ordynacji wyborczych. Przybliżono także stanowisko poszczególnych sił politycznych wobec potrzeby reformy systemu wyborczego, na co pozwoliła analiza programów wyborczych, zapisów umowy koalicyjnej zawartej w RN VIII kadencji, jak również wyników głosowania nad poszczególnymi projektami ustaw w parlamencie. Ponadto uwaga została skupiona na wynikach badań opinii publicznej, pozwalających ukazać, który z wariantów systemu wyborczego jest najbardziej pożądany przez ukraińskie społeczeństwo.
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