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EN
The publishing activity of Ruthenian typographies influenced religious and cultural development in the Metropolitanate of Kyiv. He was also favored by Michał Ślozka’s writing and publishing activity. Printed by him laudations for bishops involved in the spiritual and mental development of the Christian community (occasional compositions and letters of dedication) played a constructive role. Integrated the recipients of the books ( the faithful and the lower clergy) around the indicated guides. They strengthened the community’s sense of pride in the plan of the Eastern Church’s renewal, despite of many difficulties. They were, therefore, part of a wider tendency at that time to institutionally consolidate the Church.
EN
Orthodox education and printing developed in the Kyiv Metropolitanate in the second half of the 16th century. Educational centers that were established at that time needed educated human resources and books that could become the basis of education. At that time the role of a textbook played Church books (psalters, orologions, oktoechos), which became multifunctional already in the Middle Ages and also first printed primers and grammars, containing carefully selected excerpts, e.g. from Holy Scripture and other religious books. The analysis of the pedagogical content that accompanied the editions of school and church books in the form of a paratext shows that the first stage of educating children, as in old Christian times, involved the transfer of knowledge and skills, and at the same time – shaping of piety. Therefore, most of the comments in the form of preface, letters of dedication and other additional elements were addressed to educators, parents, mainly fathers, and served as a guide through the book, indicating the material contained therein, its function, purpose, use (e.g. order of books) and possible impact on young student.
EN
Preliminaries and back matter elements introduce recipient in the world of book. In the paper on the example of selected oktoechos printed in the seventeenth century in metropolitanate of Kiev, we try to show that they transmitted the most important, brief metatextual information. Authors of prefaces, dedications, epigraphs and sometimes also afterwords usually motivated their decision to edit a title. A cognitive function of this information is important but it must be emphasized that they served primarily to build the authority of books, to demonstrate importance of hymns in the religious life of the community. They tutored and formed the Christian recipient, encouraging the acquisition and zealous use of valuable spiritual source of prayer and living faith.
EN
On the border between Polish and German culture. On the activities of Paul Pater in Gdańsk The article discusses the activity of Paul Pater (1656–1724), who was mainly connected with the cities of Royal Prussia (Toruń and Gdańsk). The territory was then at the cultural Polish-German border. The text focuses, above all, on the Gdańsk period of this scholar’s as well as his private activity, which concerned the technical school he had established, in which young people were taught how to use printing tools.
EN
This article deals with the aesthetic evolution of the artist’s book in printmaking and its close connection to the graphic procedures resulting from the printing press and the current transdisciplinarity of the various areas of knowledge. Each stride of technical progress in the field of graphic arts spawned a transformation in the aesthetics of the images comprising books, as they served to enhance the graphic quality of the aesthetics presented.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy ewolucji estetycznej książek artystycznych i jej ścisłego związku z procedurami graficznymi oraz obecnej transdyscyplinarności różnych dziedzin wiedzy. Każdy postęp techniczny w dziedzinie techniki warsztatowej powodował przemianę estetyki obrazów tworzących książkę, przyczyniając się do poprawy jakości graficznej prezentowanych działań artystycznych.
EN
My interest is in the relations among orality, literacy and printing as a subject of Norwid’s reflection, which keeps on appearing in his various texts. The oral tradition is a subject of reflection on what is lost, yet it is something unequivocally positive. Being ambivalent towards writing as he is, Norwid unequivocally negatively views printing. In spite of interesting technical efforts to incorporate oral elements into his texts, he belongs to the culture of the printed press, and he is a literary mind. It is this very tension that often evokes the feeling of being torn apart, and the trouble of being a poet.
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PL
W roku 1989 polska poligrafia przestała być branżą koncesjonowaną. Minione dwudziestopięciolecie było dla sektora poligrafi cznego okresem przebudowy struktury i modernizacji technologicznej. W okres transformacji polskie przedsiębiorstwa w stosunku do krajów europejskich wchodziły z olbrzymią luką technologiczną. Źródłem realizowanych inwestycji było najczęściej kupno nowej technologii zmaterializowanej w maszynach i urządzeniach produkcyjnych. Takie inwestycje stwarzały tylko chwilową przewagę konkurencyjną na lokalnym rynku – w rzeczywistości były bowiem obecne na rynku europejskim już kilkanaście lat, a rosnące wymagania odbiorcy w stosunku do jakości usług poligrafi cznych szybko udowodniły ich znikomą wartość. Ponadto zakup urządzeń z rynku wtórnego poza Polską w rzeczywistości budował przewagę konkurencyjną jedynie w środowisku lokalnym, bowiem w kraju pochodzenia już zastępowano je nowymi technologiami o lepszych parametrach.
EN
In 1989 the Polish printing industry ceased to require industrial licensing. The last quarter of a century was a period of reconstruction of the printing industry structure and technological modernization. In the period of transition, Polish enterprises entered with a huge technological gap in relation to European countries. The source of the realized investments was most frequently the purchase new technology materialized in machinery and manufacturing equipment. Such investments created only a temporary competitive advantage in the local market. In fact, they had been present on the European market for over a decade, and increasing demands of the market in comparison to the quality of printing services quickly proved their insignifi cant value. Furthermore, the purchase of equipment from the secondary market outside of Poland actually built a competitive advantage only on the local market, as in the country of origin it was already being replaced with new technologies that had better parameters.
EN
My interest is in the relations among orality, literacy and printing as a subject of Norwid’s reflection, which keeps on appearing in his various texts. The oral tradition is a subject of reflection on what is lost, yet it is something unequivocally positive. Being ambivalent towards writing as he is, Norwid unequivocally negatively views printing. In spite of interesting technical efforts to incorporate oral elements into his texts, he belongs to the culture of the printed press, and he is a literary mind. It is this very tension that often evokes the feeling of being torn apart, and the trouble of being a poet.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
|
2017
|
vol. 65
|
issue 1
89-107
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba przedstawienia krótkiej genealogicznej historii medium mowy i pis­ma, która wykorzystuje, rozwija i rekonstruuje zarazem, poglądy i punkt widzenia Sloterdijka na ten temat. Przedmiotem analiz jest formacja dyskursywna o mowie i piśmie ukształtowana w kulturze zachodniej, składająca się z argumentacji i wyobrażeń zawartych w Biblii, tekstach filozoficznych, głównie Platona i Hegla, i literackich, tu tylko sygnalnie odnotowanych. Chodzi wreszcie także o historię społeczną, spojrzenie na rewolucje i kolonializm przez pryzmat medium druku/pisma — opartych na nim relacji władzy i panowania. Dla Sloterdijka wszystkie te zdarze­nia dyskursywne i społeczne mają wspólne podłoże resentymentalne — zakłada on bowiem za Nietzschem, że u źródeł kultury czai się okrucieństwo i perwersja. Pytanie: po co to robi, co nowego ta zużyta historycznie rama interpretacyjne pozwala mu powiedzieć o mediach dawniej i dziś?
EN
This article concerns the short genealogical history of speech and writing media, which simultaneously takes an advantage of, develops as well as reconstructs, the appropriate points of view and attitudes by Peter Sloterdijk. The object of analysis is a discursive formation on speech and writing shaped in western culture, a formation consisting of arguments and imaginations contained in the Bible, philosophical writings, by Plato and Hegel mainly, and literature, indicat­ed here only very slightly. Social history is eventually discused here, that is the view of revolutions and colonialism through the prism of print/writing medium — through the relationships of power and domination based on this medium. All the discursive and social events have their common resentment background according to Sloterdijk — following Nietzsche he assumes that there are cruelty and perversion that lurk at the roots of culture. The question is: why does he do that, what new does the historically worn-out interpretational frame let him tell about the media in the past and today?
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