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EN
The Renaissance of a dual education, mainly due to the employment problems of young ple, has become a global trend and a key tive of vocational education and training policy in the EU. The article presents the analysis of the legal and organizational conditions of the implementation of a dual education in Poland, consider­ing the European context, which encourages to a closer cooperation between tional education and employers. This is to lead to the situation in which the experience to be gained in the learning process is permanently linked to the real work environment. New organizational challenges will particularly appear in the model of a dual education which is financed from the educational subvention, mainly due to the lack of good practices to be disseminated thoroughly in the system of vocational education. Big chances for the development of a dual education system should be seen in the implementation of the projects in cooperation vocational schools and employers from special economic zones under the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development (PO WER).
PL
Renesans kształcenia dualnego, głównie za sprawą problemów zatrudnienia młodych osób, stał się trendem ogólnoświatowym oraz kluczowym celem polityki kształcenia zawodowego w UE. W artykule przedstawiono analizę prawnych i organizacyjnych uwarunkowań wdrażania kształcenia dualnego w Polsce z uwzględniłem kontekstu europejskiego, który zachęca do zacieśniania współpracy szkolnictwa zawodowego z pracodawcami. To zaś ma prowadzić tego, aby doświadczenie związane z procesem uczenia się było trwale powiązane z realnym środowiskiem pracy. Nowe wzywania organizacyjne szczególnie uwidocznią się w modelu kształcenia dualnego, które jest finansowany z subwencji oświatowej, bowiem nie dysponujemy jeszcze dobrymi praktykami do upowszechnia w całym systemie kształcenia zawodowego. Duże szanse rozwoju systemu kształcenia dualnego należy upatrywać w realizacji projektów we współpracy szkół zawodowych z pracodawcami specjalnych stref ekonomicznych w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój.
EN
The paper deals with evolution of application of dual education system of education in Poland during last decade. The scale of application this system declined during last decade. The author tries to explain what are the factors expansible for this decline. The paper deals with three barriers of application of dual system in Poland: lack of motivation, lack of cooperation schools with employers and institutional factors.
PL
W artykule analizuje się główne przyczyny szybko rosnącego bezrobocia młodzieży w Polsce. Autor prezentuje oryginalny projekt wdrożenia dualnego systemu kształcenia zawodowego, który integruje kształcenie teoretyczne i praktyczne na stanowiskach pracy. Artykuł zawiera analizę głównych przesłanek wdrożenia systemu kształcenia dualnego, główne elementy programu i etapy jego wdrożenia w Polsce oraz trzy główne bariery jego wdrożenia w Polsce: (1) niskiej motywacji młodzieży, (2) braku zintegrowanego systemu finansowania i (3) bariery instytucjonalne.
EN
The problem of forming and normative support of social partnership in vocational training of service sector specialists in Germany and Austria has been studied in the article. Federal and state laws in vocational education in these countries have been analyzed. The key aspects of interaction between educational units in order to organize collaboration at the ministerial, regional, local and international levels have been considered. Based on the results of the study undertaken, it has been found out that the dual system of primary vocational training of specialists in vocational education in Germany and Austria is continuing and consists of two stages, namely: 1) theoretical training in vocational schools and practical training at enterprises; 2) further vocational education/further research-based vocational education. The author has characterized vocational secondary schools: part-time vocational schools that comprise dual training system and full-time vocational schools: specialized vocational schools, advanced vocational schools and vocational gymnasia. It has been found out that technical universities and higher vocational education institutions training service sector specialists belong to higher education system, too. It has been highlighted that the system of social partnership in vocational education in Ukraine is being dramatically developed and significantly reformed. Therefore, study, generalization and analysis of European experience in organizing social partnership in vocational training of specialists, particularly in service sector, is becoming rather relevant. Based on the analysis of legislative documents on vocational education in Germany and Austria, it has been concluded that social partnership in education may be considered as a reliable and approved social mechanism that stipulates for economic stability and development, establishment of competitive, flexible and dynamic education system in each country; the mentioned problem in Ukraine requires the need for complex development of social partnership system as an interdisciplinary problem related to social, cultural, political and economic factors of social development to be taken into consideration; sustainable development of researches on the problem of theory and methodology of vocational education and implementation of its results in practice to be ensured; German and Austrian experience in organizing vocational training in the dual education system that presupposes the combination of proportional correlation between vocational theoretical and practical components to be studied. Rather perspective for further researches is the study of foreign experience in developing and implementing vocational education standards that is the field of social partnership functioning.
EN
The article is an attempt to trace the changes taking place in vocational education in Poland, paying special attention to the possibilities of local and regional activities supporting vocational education. The conclusions presented in the text result from the author’s expert experience related to the implementation of projects to support vocational education. The presented model of support for vocational education is currently carried out by the Bialystok Human Resources Training Foundation in the city of Białystok and Białystok Poviat as the Competence Centre of the Białystok Functional Area. The experience in the implementation of the project and its effectiveness is so universal that the project will be implemented throughout the Podlasie Voivodeship. It can also be a model for local government units running vocational schools.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą prześledzenia zmian zachodzących w szkolnictwie zawodowym w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem możliwości lokalnych i regionalnych działań wspierających szkolnictwo zawodowe. Propozycje zawarte w tekście wynikają z eksperckich doświadczeń autorki związanych z realizacją projektów na rzecz wsparcia szkolnictwa zawodowego. Prezentowany model wsparcia szkolnictwa zawodowego jest obecnie realizowany przez Białostocką Fundację Kształcenia Kadr na terenie miasta Białegostoku i powiatu białostockiego jako Centrum Kompetencji Białostockiego Obszaru Funkcjonalnego (BOF). Doświadczenia w realizacji projektu i jego skuteczność są na tyle uniwersalne, że projekt będzie wdrażany na terenie całego województwa podlaskiego. Może stanowić też wzorzec dla samorządowych jednostek publicznych prowadzących szkoły zawodowe.
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