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Funkcje i działalność Komisji Architektoniczno-Konserwatorskiej

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Cydzik J.

Ochrona Zabytków

1987

issue 1-2

70-80

The Civic Committee fo r the Reconstruction of the Royal Castie 'in Warsaw, brought to life on January 26, 1971, established six problem commissions including the Architectonic and Conservation Commission headed by Profesor Jan Zachwatowicz. The Commission included renowned experts, who a t the same time represented buildings and construction authorities. Owing to that, the resolutions of the Commission could provide the base fo r making binding decisions. In specific cases the Commission followed the opinions of va rious specialists and regularly cooperated with other commissions and mainly with the Castle’s Custodian, established by Professor St. 'Lorentz, as w e ll as with the general executor (the State Ateliers fo r the Conservation of Cultural Property) and the assistant investor of the reconstruction of the Castle. Already on March 8, 1971 Professor Jan Zachwatowicz handed in the approved Main Programme Guidelines — as the binding document to the 'investor and the general excutor. The Main Guidelines set out the borders of the location of the castle residence, a historic mass of the structure, the principle of the restitution of the building, its interiors and surroundings. The Guidelines took also into account a ll in stallations that had to be p u t in when a d a p tin g the restituted building to new purposes. The material prepared in such a way provided the basis for working out a d ra ft p roje c t and a summary specification of costs. The project was to be drawn by November 30, 1971. Irrespective of the main guidelines there had also been prepared a programme fo r the use of the Castle, which — a fte r preliminary discussions in problem commissions was submitted on March 10, 1971 for approval to the Praesidium of the Civic Committee fo r the Reconstruction of the Castle. The Praesidium put forward this document fo r public discussion, which lasted till May 15, 1971. The comments and proposals of the society were analyzed and presented at the Plenary Meeting of the Civic Committee on June 30, 1971. Basing on them, the character and a p propriation of the Castle were determined and the o ffic ia l name of the b u ilding, namely "th e Royal Castle in Warsaw - the Monument ot History and National Culture” was adopted on the strength of the Law. As the chairman of the Architectonic and Conservation Commission Professor Jan Zachwatowicz conveyed to the executors the content of the Law adopted as well as de ta ile d resolutions fo r the execution. 1971 was the time of preparatory works. The Commission supervised a proper development of the constructional site, defined the way of demolitions and rubble-removal, fo llo wed the progress of research, archaeological and archite c to nic works. It also analyzed the activity of the Design Office which a t th a t time compiled a ll e arlier documents and a c complished the cataloguing during the removal of the rub ble, making lists of the rescued part o f the building and excavated details. It was planned to commence proper constructional work in the beginning of 1972 and the execution of the raw state of the b u ild in g was scheduled by the State Ateliers fo r the Conservation of Cultural Property by the end o f 1973. On June 1971 Professor Jan Bogusławski submitted to the Commission a substitute plan on a scale 1 :200 of the concept of the distribution of the utility programme and fu n ctions. The acceptance of this concept made possible for designers to start the project on a scale 1:100 in the a rchitectonic and constructional fie ld and to present p re liminary proposals of installation solutions and the entire technical infrastructure. A t the subsequent meetings a number of specific problems th a t arore during the designing stage were discussed. They concerned functional, technical and material problems as well as architectonic details. This p a rticu la r activity of the Commission *ped up design solutions, raised the quality o f projects, and imposed the rate of design and constructional work. Basic design work was done by the PKZ — the Castle and branch projects were carried out in specialized design o ffices such as "In s ta l Projekt", "M e tijo p rojek t", "M o s to s ta l". Due to the necessity to keep up such о fast rate of the execution o f work the Commission found it necessary to successively work out the documentation. It recommended to work out a schedule of the construction and approved a specification o f costs of the raw state o f the Castle. In the firs t months of 1972 the work in the cellars came to an end and in Ap ril of th a t year, there began to appear walls o f the groundfloor in the south wing from the side of the Route W—Z. The hope arose fo r the mass of the Castle to be completed in the raw state in 1974. A t th a t time activities of the Commission concentrated mainly on the analysis of the documentation necessary fo r pursuing the work. Still, the Design Office was instructed to work o u t complete technical documentation and to project the in te riors. Neariy 500 protocols from the meetings of the Commission display an enormous variety of the discussed subjects. A t the in itia i stage the Commission analyzed resuits or c o n structional work and historic, iconographie, architectonic and archaeological studies, which affected conservation d e cisions. In о similar way the commission studied the results of technical investigations, e.g. land resistance, hydrogeological conditions, technical conditions of preserved elements of the building, q u a lity o f materials such as brick, stone, mortars, stucco work, paintings on the plaster. I hey also considered a possibility to use anew numerous elements excavated from the rubble o r to replace them with a new material. The Commission discussed basic constructional and installation problems and verified main guidelines in case of new discoveries and results of the studies which justifie d the need to correct original decisions. Other subjects discussed in d e ta il .included the plan of each interior, a composition of wall, plafond and flo o r decorations, w in dow and d o o r joinery, details of decorations and furnishing, paintings, chandeliers, candle sticks, carpets, tapestries et.c. Mony elements of decoration and interior equipment were rescued and called fo r painstaking conservation. The Commission supervised the activities of the Workshops for the Conservation of Works of Art, Sculpture, Stucco, Metal A rt and other specialistic teams working on behalf of the Castle. A d iffic u lt task fo r the Commission was to agree the colouring of the interiors. When analyzing the proposals they took into account historic relays, the customs and trad itio n as well as the taste of a given epoch o r a ruler, and f i nally the functions of the room and its artistic effect. Some of the decisions are — until today — regarded as co ntroversial — and ca ll for further analyses. A similiar problem arose when examining the proposed solutions of some details of elevations and colours of in d iv idual walls in the Castle’s mass. Still another problem in the work of the Commission was the area a d jo in in g the Castle. The plan to set in order the Castle’s Square, to expose the Gothic Bridge and the Cracow Gate, to delineate the course of defence walls in the square’s surface and to combine it with the south escarp and the Palace "p o d Blachq" was the subject of numerous discussions a t the meetings of the Commission and fin a lly accepted. A similar a ttitu d e was shown to plans fo r castle gardens, Kubicki Arcades, Podzamcze and Gnojna H ill as sites fo r touristic purposes. The fin a l stage o f the activities of the Commission comprised quality and complex acceptance of all executed conservation, architectonic and building works. The A rch ite c to nic and Conservation Commission had been working incessantly fo r nearly 15 years, i.e. until the transference of the structure to the management of the Castle.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Cydzik J.

1 1987

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Funkcje i działalność Komisji Architektoniczno-Konserwatorskiej