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Vox Patrum
|
2000
|
vol. 38
577-583
ES
Mons. Josemana Escriva de Balaguer (1902-1975), el fundator de Opus Dei es el autor de las homilias (Amar a /a /g/t-Ha, Madrid 1968; Es Cwfo paM, Madrid 1973; Amigom Dirn, Madrid 1977) y de las meditaciónes (Cammo, Madrid 1939; 5arco, Madrid 1986; Eorya, Madrid 1988). En sus obras a menudo refiere a la doctrina de los Padres de la Iglesia, especialmente San Augustin, San Juan Crisostomo, San Gregorio Magno y San Ambrogio. De esa manera subraya que la ciencia de los Padres es actual y real para el cristiano contemporaneo. En sus homilias, muestra antę todo los Padres de la Iglesia como maestros de fe, en cambio en las meditaciónes presenta los como ejemplos de la vida morał.
EN
The year when the eighth number of “Themes and Contexts” is published, is unique because we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the restoration of Poland’s sovereignty. It is also an opportunity to look at the contractual century of the “new” Polish literature. In this context of “duration and changeability”, it is important to discuss the work of outstanding poets and writers of the last century, as well as interpretations of important works. This is a convenient time both for reappraisals and for new interpretations seen from a variable, literary perspective. Thinking about Polish literature in 1918-2018, we had in mind the attempts to establish the hierarchy of the most important literary phenomena in the context of political, constitutional and transformational changes. These issues are discussed in the first group of texts entitled Synthesis and reappraisals. Another group of problems connected with the subject of (Post)modern reading introduces the circle of detailed considerations. The research of Polish literature of the last century is conducted by the authors in two ways. In the first one, the researchers adopted a comparative perspective and analyzed new works compiled with works from the interwar period. The second variant is dominated by the synchronous perspective, in which the authors’ attention is focused on the originality of the latest works and contemporary methodologies of studying a literary work and “modern” contexts (social-media, pop-culture, hyper-text, blogosphere, etc.). The study of contemporary literature in the context of the works of the past century has resulted in interesting literary and cultural findings. This section, titled Views, is a voice of researchers asking for the restoration of forgotten literary writings, artists (Gniatczyński), single works. The articles collected in the volume authorize the conclusion that these conventional chronological frames cover many literary phenomena, as well as the names of writers who created and create an image of Polish literature of the last century.
PL
Arthur Bartels (1818–1885), pisarz i artysta, pozostawił w swojej twórczości wystarczająco dużo przemyśleń, by można było naszkicować złożony obraz jego poglądów na etniczność i ojczyznę. Za swoje państwo ojczyste uznawał Polskę, lecz z kontekstów wynika, że chodziło mu o wielokulturową Rzeczpospolitą. Dlatego też A. Bartels uważał Litwę za swoją ojczyznę (również w historycznym znaczeniu tego terminu). Poeta nie wykształcił jeszcze narodowego rozumienia państw europejskich, a przynajmniej swojej ojczyzny. Warto jednak zauważyć, że zbliżał się do niego. Świadczy o tym, zawarte w jego dziełach literackich, postrzeganie Litwy, Białorusi i Polesia jako całości. To jest widoczne w jego pracach, choć jednocześnie nie ma w nich przedstawionej jednoznacznej recepcji autora procesów etniczno-narodowych. W utworach pisanych w swojej ojczyźnie i głównie dla siebie (przede wszystkim w poematach), w większym stopniu przejawia się tożsamość litwińska. Natomiast tożsamość polska wyróżnia się w wierszach (które były prezentowane publicznie), zwłaszcza w ostatnim już, krakowskim, okresie życia.
BE
Пісьменнік і мастак Артур Бартэльс (1818–1885) у сваёй творчасці пакінуў дастаткова разважанняў для стварэння карціны яго этнічных поглядаў на радзіму. У якасці роднай дзяржавы ён прызнаваў Польшчу. Але з кантэкстаў вынікае, што мелася на ўвазе Рэч Паспалітая. Нягледзячы на гэта, радзімай А. Бартэльс лічыў Літву (таксама ў гістарычным сэнсе гэтага паняцця). Паэт не меў нацыянальнае свядомасці, аднак адметна, што набліжаўся да яе. Сведчаннем таму – успрыманне як адзінага цэлага Літвы, Белай Русі і Палесся. Гэта прасочваецца ў літаратурнай творчасці. У той жа час у ёй няма аднароднасці ў справе рэцэпцыі А. Бартэльсам этнічна-нацыянальных працэсаў. Большая ступень ліцвінскасці ім выяўляецца ў творах, напісаных хутчэй для сябе (найперш, у паэмах), да таго ж, на радзіме. Выразная польскасць выяўляецца ў вершах (якія выносіліся на публіку), асабліва ў заключны, кракаўскі, перыяд жыцця.
EN
The writer and artist Arthur Bartels (1818–1885) left enough reflections in his works to recreate a picture of his ethnic views on his homeland. He recognized Poland as his native state, but from the context it follows that the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was meant. Despite this, A. Bartels considered Lithuania (in the historical sense of this concept) his homeland. He had not yet come to a national understanding of the European peoples and, above all, of his motherland. However, it is noteworthy that he was approaching it: the combination of Lithuania, White Russia and Paliessie in unity is evidence of this. This can be traced in his literary works. But at the same time there is no homogeneity in A. Bartels' perception of ethno-national processes. Great Litvinism is manifested by him in works written more for himself (primarily poems), and in his homeland. Explicit Polishness is expressed in poems (which were made public), especially in the final, already Krakow, period of life.
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