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EN
Internet research of attitudes and opinions have become extremely popular not only among researchers, but also in business and education. This is mainly due to increased access to the Internet in society and availability of affordable and easy-to-use online survey tools. Therefore, it is important to summarise contemporary knowledge about creating and conducting research in the online environment and to present clear recommendations and best practices. The author of this article tried to answer five common questions which arise in online research practice: How to maximize the number of completed questionnaires? How to invite people to participate in the Internet study? Whether to use suggestive question? How to minimize non-response error? How to ask question about sensitive issues? Additionally, the importance of pilot studies was highlighted. In order to find valid and accurate answers to presented questions, a review of the scientific literature reporting the results of empirical studies relating to the Internet research methodology was conducted. Contemporary literature review allowed putting forward specific recommendations, as well as heuristic guidelines for the Internet research supported by empirical findings. Thus, this paper can contribute to improving the quality of data collected during studies via the Internet. The final result of online research depends on a number of factors appearing on the stage of: creating, transferring, filling out and returning the questionnaire. Although there is no simple way to predict and solve all possible problems and issues, following the recommendations presented in this article may significantly reduce number of potential issues in online studies.
EN
The increasing use of digital technologies in scientific work and communication raises the question of the epistemological nature of knowledge thus produced. In this essay, I am employing the conceptual apparatus developed by Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer for the analysis of the historical dispute between Robert Boyle and Thomas Hobbes over the ways of producing knowledge in natural philosophy, and applying it to digital research. Their concept of three knowledge-making technologies - material, literary and social - appear to be heuristically useful concepts for reflecting on digital technologies as well. The latter are presented in the essay not as a separate facts-producing technology, but as elements around which the existing scientific technologies are radically reconfigured. Particular attention is paid to the concept of code as a literary technology and the role of digital technologies in the humanities.
CS
Vzrůstající využívání digitálních technologií ve vědecké práci a komunikaci vyvolává otázku, jaká je epistemologická povaha takto vytvořeného vědění. V tomto eseji využívám pojmový aparát, který vyvinuli Steven Shapin a Simon Schaffer k analýze historického sporu mezi Robertem Boylem a Thomasem Hobbesem o způsob vytváření vědění v přírodní filosofii, a aplikuji jej na problematiku digitálního výzkumu. Jejich koncepty tří technologií vytvářejících vědění - materiální, literární a sociální - se ukazují jako heuristicky užitečné koncepty i pro reflexi digitálních technologií. Ty jsou v eseji představeny nikoliv jako samostatné technologie vytváření faktů, nýbrž jako prvky, kolem nichž se dosavadní vědecké technologie radikálně rekonfigurují. Zvláštní pozornost esej věnuje představě kódu jako literární technologie a roli digitálních technologií v humanitních vědách.
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