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After the Fall of the Caravan Kingdoms. Notes about the Occupation of Sumhuram and the Area of Khor Rori (Oman) from the Fifth Century AD to the Islamic Period

100%
Pavan A.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2023
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issue 36
111-131
EN
Since the beginning of the investigations in the area of Khor Rori and at the site of Sumhuram, the easternmost outpost of the caravan kingdoms along the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, cultural material and architectural evidence seemed to exclude frequentation, both permanent and seasonal, during the Islamic period. Indeed, it was assumed that any form of occupation, which had begun in the second century BC, ceased in the fifth century AD, consistent with the historical, economic and cultural scenario that marked the end of the caravan kingdoms. However, discoveries made during more recent fieldwork, along with a critical reinterpretation of previously collected data, have clearly demonstrated the existence of a late occupation of the area, which can be tentatively dated to the Late Antique period in the case of the burials located nearby and to the Islamic period in the case of the reoccupation of the site. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of the re-analysis of the late evidence, focusing on the last architectural structures, the small finds and some of the pottery.
2
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Pinpointing Unrest at Palmyra in the Early Islamic Period. The Evidence from Coin Hoards and Written Sources

86%
Intagliata E. E.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2018
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vol. XXXI
181-194
EN
This article collates the evidence of coin hoards from Palmyra in order to reflect on the causes behind some of the most dramatic events that befell the city in Late Antiquity and early Islam. After having stressed the importance of coin hoards as sources to reconstruct the city’s past by looking at a couple of examples dated to the fourth century AD, the article moves on to the early Islamic period. It argues that the unusual concentration of coin hoards dated to the second half of the seventh century suggests that the city underwent a period of unrest at that time and reflects on the causes that might have triggered it.
3
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A Note on the Architectural Layout of the Early Islamic Church on Sir Bani Yas Island, UAE

86%
Lic A., Lichtenberger A., Daher R. F., Zureikat R.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2023
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issue 36
83-91
EN
It has been suggested that the church on Sir Bani Yas island, dated to the seventh–eighth century, originally had a tower rising over its south-eastern room. This would be a unique feature as other hitherto known churches in the Gulf dated to the early Islamic period did not have towers. One of the arguments for the existence of the tower has been the increased thickness of the northern wall of the south-eastern room. However, close examination of the remains reveals that the increased thickness of this wall is in fact related to the rectangular apse of the chancel. Other arguments used previously to support the claim that the church had a tower are critically assessed in this paper, which concludes that the Sir Bani Yas church had no tower and that its chancel had a rectangular apse, yet another architectural feature it shares with other early Islamic Gulf churches.
4
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Marea season 2014: excavation in House H1

86%
Wielgosz-Rondolino D., Gwiazda M.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2016
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vol. 25
115-126
EN
Seven rooms were unearthed completely and another four in part during the second season of excavations in House H1 in Marea. Thanks to a stratigraphic test pit the approximate date of construction of this part of the ancient town was established tentatively as the 6th century AD; it remained in use until at least the 8th century AD. The building techniques and the plan of House H1 follow the Mediterranean tradition of domestic architecture.
5
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A Faction Acclamation Incised on a Pithos Found Near the North-West Church at Hippos (Sussita)

72%
Łajtar A., Młynarczyk J.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2017
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vol. XXX
289–302
EN
In one of the domestic rooms attached to the North-West Church at Hippos (Sussita), at least three ceramic pithoi were found, all of them in secondary use, possibly for the processing (storing?) of lime. One of them bore an inscription in Greek, scratched into its surface, which turned out to be an acclamation for the circus faction of the Blues. This interesting addition to the corpus of the factions’ inscriptions from Syro-Palestine is also lending the dating to the original period of the pithos’ use, which cannot be later than the Islamic conquest of the region in AD 636/638.
6
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Aynuna: A Case Study of the Changing Functions of a Hijazi Coastal Settlement from the Nabatean to the Early Islamic Period

72%
Juchniewicz K.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2022
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issue 35
39-57
EN
A recent study proved that Aynuna has been settled since at least the Hellenistic period and was the major settlement on the Arabian coast of the northern Red Sea in the Nabatean/Roman period, serving as the port of Petra. Scientific literature is mostly concerned with the identification of Aynuna with ancient Leuke Kome, leaving aside the later history of the site. In the late Roman/Byzantine period its significance as a trade centre slowly diminished, although it might have remained a tax collection point. In the early Islamic period, Aynuna served as a local agricultural centre and war port for the Arabian forces conquering the Eastern Desert. Later on, accessibility of fresh water made it a stop on the Egyptian Hajj Route, and antique Aynuna/Leuke Kome finally became Islamic ‘Aynūna. This paper aims to present a diachronic analysis of the changing functions of the site using published archaeological reports and Arabic written sources.
7
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Development of a settlement on the northeastern promontory at 'Marea'

72%
Derda T., Gwiazda M., Pawlikowska-Gwiazda A.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2020
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vol. 29(2)
531-550
EN
The ancient topography of the settlement on the northeastern promontory at ‘Marea’ (North Hawariya) was the subject of investigations carried out at the site in 2018 within the frame of a broader excavation project. Fieldwork established the date of some structures recognized along an ancient road. The oldest remains turned out to be from the Roman period, when the promontory became a rubbish dump for production waste, mostly sherds of Amphores égyptienne 3 and 4, from the nearby pottery kilns. Two superimposed occupation levels were recognised, the earlier one from the beginning of the 3rd century AD or later, the later one from the 5th–6th century. The buildings followed a regular grid that fits into the overall plan of the town. The research has resulted in a better understanding of the changes occurring in this part of ‘Marea’.
8
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Drei Bischöfe von Syene namens Joseph. Inschriften, Tonlämpchen und ein Ostrakon

58%
Schmidt S.
The Journal of Juristic Papyrology
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2018
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issue 48
185-205
EN
This paper discusses the documentary evidence of the last three known bishops from Late Antique and early Islamic Syene/Aswan (5th/6th to 8th/9th cent. ad). All three bear the name of Joseph, two of them, Joseph (II) and (III), are known from already published inscriptions. A new bishop, Joseph (I), occurs for the first time in a Greek ostracon from Elephantine, which is edited here for the first time. A bishop Joseph appears, moreover, on a series of pink clay lamps, which were found, among others, in Adulis (modern Eritrea). A lamp mold with the name of a bishop Joseph, excavated by Charles Clermont-Ganneau on Elephantine, permits the allocation of these Joseph-lamps to Syene as well.
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