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The population of the early Polish Christian cemetery in Grodowice on the basis of ar chaeological, anthropological , and molecular research

100%
Kubica-Grygiel A.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2019
|
vol. 67
231-289
EN
The aim of this study is to present a full characterization and catalogue of the graves of the early medieval inhumation necropolis that was recently found at the edge of the loess uplands in the western part of Małopolska (Lesser Poland) – specifically, in Grodowice, Kazimierza Wielka district. The second aim is to determine the matrilineal genetic structure and to present the first medieval population-level human DNA study from Małopolska. The necropolis, which was excavated in 2005-2008 at site 1, is situated in an open field on the culmination of a broad, flat hill being part of a longitudinal range of hills separating the valleys of two larger rivers – namely, the Nidzica and Młyńska. The excavations resulted in the discovery of 35 inhumation graves, partly arranged in regular rows, dating to the early medieval period. The deceased were placed mostly in regular pits with their heads to the west. Very few traces of wooden coffins were recorded. 32 skeletons were classified in anthropological analysis. They present all age classes: Infans/Juvenis (13 graves), Juvenis/Adultus (8 graves, incl. 3 females and 3 males), Adultus/Maturus (9 graves, incl. 3 females and 3 males), and Senilis (1 grave). Various pathological changes and injuries were recorded: teeth plaque, enamel hypoplasia, caries, spine and long bone degenerations, cribra orbitalia, Schmorl’s nodes. Thirteen mtDNA sequences were made which encompass almost the entire range of Western Eurasian macro-haplogroups. Artefacts were recorded in 11 graves, such as: temple rings, coins, finger rings, beads, and coins. They occurred in female, male, and child graves alike. The cemetery at Grodowice, like the majority of inhumation cemeteries in Małopolska, was probably founded in the second half or towards the end of the 10th century. Graves with coins indicate that it still functioned in the late 11th century. It cannot be ruled out that the Grodowice necropolis ceased to function as a result of the construction of churches in nearby Kazimierza Mała (probably as early as in the 11th century) and Bejsce (12th century or the first half of the 13th century). KEY WORDS: inhumation graves, early medieval period, Małopolska (Lesser Poland), funeral rite
2

SZKLARSTWO WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNEGO WOLINA WEDŁUG JERZEGO OLCZAKA I ELŻBIETY JASIEWICZOWEJ – 55 LAT PÓŹNIEJ. NOWE USTALENIA DOTYCZĄCE PRZEDMIOTÓW SZKLANYCH ZE STANOWISKA NR 1 W WOLINIE

88%
Kokora K.
Archeologia Polski
|
2019
|
vol. 64
283-338
EN
Author presents the current state of research on glass-making at site no. 1, the “Old Town”, in Wolin. In 1963 Jerzy Olczak and Elżbieta Jasiewiczowa published a detailed analysis of the glass artifacts found in trench no. 4 at the site, discussing on these grounds the scope and nature of early medieval glass-making in Wolin. The presentation of glass artifacts in this article reviews the whole assemblage and considers the finds, as well as the results of new physico-chemical analyses, in the context of local glass-making, making an effort to verify earlier findings in this respect.
3
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New Types of the Oldest Polish Coins

75%
Bogucki M.
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
|
2022
|
vol. 66
181-197
PL
Artykuł prezentuje odkrycia monet nowych typów, które można przypisać do najstarszego mennictwa polskiego. W przypadku łańcucha połączeń stempli PRINCES POLONIE udało się zidentyfikować jeden nowy stempel, w niezwykle zbarbaryzowanym stylu, co po raz kolejny ukazuje, że nie istnieje jednolity styl najdawniejszych monet polskich oraz, że w mennictwie Bolesława Chrobrego panował chaos. W przypadku drugiego łańcucha połączeń stempli – .VIDV ujawniono aż siedem nowych tłoków. Ich szczegółowa analiza wskazuje, że monety wybijane tymi stemplami nie musiały być produkowane w jednym czasie, lecz nawet przez kilkanaście lat. Nowo ujawnione stemple nie rozwiązały problemu atrybucji denarów z legendą .VIDV, lecz ich przynależność do mennictwa Bolesława Chrobrego lub Mieszka II jest bardzo prawdopodobna.
EN
This article presents discoveries of new types of coins that can be assigned to the oldest Polish coinage. In case of the PRINCES POLONIE die-chain, it was possible to identify one new die, in an extremely barbaric style, which once again shows that there is no uniform style to the oldest Polish coins and that there was chaos in Bolesław I the Brave’s coinage. In the case of the second – .VIDV die-chain as many as seven new dies have been revealed. Detailed analysis shows that the coins produced with these dies were not necessarily produced at the same time, and that production could have lasted up to several years. The newly revealed dies do not solve the problem of the attribution of denarii with the .VIDV inscription, but their ascription to the coinage of Bolesław I the Brave or Mieszko II is very likely.
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