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PL
The Death of His Majesty Stephen King of Poland at Grodno on 12 December Anno Domini 1586 (The Real Truth about the Illness and Death of Late King Stephen Bathory of Poland) –a source to Stephen Bathory’s biography and history of medicineThe sudden and unexpected death of Stephen Bathory, king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, on 12 December 1586 provoked many hypotheses. Since the king was generally regarded as a healthy man in his prime, historians and physicians have for centuries tried to solve the mystery of his sudden death. One of the primary sources to this question is a text attributed to one of the royal physicians – Jakub Gosławski. The document, entitled The Death of His Majesty Stephen King of Poland at Grodno on 12 December Anno Domini 1586, better known as The Real Truth about the Illness and Death of Late King Stephen Bathory of Poland, was written soon after the king’s death. Its original version has not been found, while two copies have been preserved in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw and in the Princes Czartoryski Library in Krakow.The source contains information extremely valuable for historians and historians of medicine about the last days of King Stephen, symptoms of his illness, and treatments meted out to him by his physicians. A valuable supplement is made by a post-mortem report describing the appearance and state of his internal organs. Gosławski’s text has already been published in the past, but either it was done without due care, with many mistakes and omissions, or on the basis of some other manuscript, unknown to us. The present edition juxtaposes the two known copies, with a substantial body of editorial commentary and that pertaining to the content. This makes it possible to see the differences between the two copies, in the first place. There is also the first edition of the text included, issued in 1830 by Edward Raczyński, which in the most important fragments is quite different to that of the texts kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records and in the Princes Czartoryski Library.The edition of this source is even more pertinent given the fact that, in recent years, there is a number of specialists questioning the widespread and preserved diagnosis that the king’s death was caused by uraemia. The well-edited source text, with a commentary pertaining to the content, can help researchers in thoroughly analysing the symptoms of Bathory’s illness and shed new light on the causes of his death.
Res Historica
|
2022
|
issue 53
113-143
EN
Due to the lack of possibility to precisely analyse the influence of food products on the human body at the end of the seventeenth century, people started searching for causes of their malaise in a number of theories at the intersection of astrology, metaphysics and medicine. The frequent inaccessibility of professional medical services made sometimes home remedies the only help in dealing with many diseases. Healing recipes played a key role in home treatment. That is why the subject of this analysis is the seventeenth-century views on diet, beliefs regarding properties of certain food products and the extent and importance of recipes in the process of treatment of different diseases. An analysis and comparison of theories, advice, correlations and practices from the field of dietetics show the general condition of dietetics at the time and make one of many elements of the complex mentality system of the end of the seventeenth-century Polish society easier to understand.
PL
Brak możliwości dokładnego zbadania wpływu produktów spożywczych na organizm ludzki w końcu XVII w. starano się rekompensować poszukiwaniem źródeł złego samopoczucia w szeregu teorii z pogranicza astrologii, metafizyki i medycyny. Ograniczony dostęp do profesjonalnych usług medycznych czynił niekiedy domowe sposoby leczenia jedynym ratunkiem w wielu schorzeniach.Szczególne miejsce zajmowały w tym wypadku lecznicze receptury kulinarne. Dlatego przedmiotem niniejszych rozważań są siedemnastowieczne poglądy na temat diety, przekonania dotyczące właściwości poszczególnych artykułów spożywczych oraz zasięg i znaczenie przepisów kulinarnych w procesie leczenia różnych schorzeń.Analiza i zestawienie ze sobą teorii, zaleceń, zależności i praktyk z zakresu dietetyki zarysowują ogólny obraz stanu ówczesnej dietetyki, czyniąc lepiej zrozumiałym jeden z wielu elementów składających się na skomplikowany system mentalnościowy społeczeństwa polskiego końca XVII w.
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