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EN
After the World War II, acting under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement, the anti-Nazi coalition commenced destroying chemical and conventional munitions by dumping it in the seas (including in the Baltic Sea). As a result of these activities, tens of thousands of tons of ammunition were brought to the Baltic. The international project CHEMSEA has shown that dumped chemical munitions pose a threat to the environmental safety of the Baltic Sea, and that the need to collect and destroy munitions should be taken into account. The article describes the assumptions of a pilot system to identify chemical munitions in the Baltic Sea (including selected areas of the Polish Maritime Areas), assess its technical condition and the potential for its recovery. In addition, existing technical solutions (allowing for the use of the best available techniques – BAT) provide the opportunity to collect and neutralize sunken chemical munitions.
RU
Еще никогда производство материальных и интеллектуальных артефактов так быстро не прогрессировала и не играла настолько большой роли в жизни людей, как с конца двадцатого века. Мы стали рабами и заложниками разных суррогатов. Это имеет свои хорошие и плохие стороны. Здесь я, однако, сконцентрируюсь на негативных, потому что они создают серьезные и растущие угрозы для среды человека и его жизни.
EN
The production of material and intellectual artifacts has never before progressed as rapidly as now, and they did not play such an important role in people's life as since the end of twentieth century. Now, we became slaves and hostages of different substitutes. It has good and bad sides. Here, I focus exclusively on the bad sides, because they pose a serious and growing danger to the environment of man and his life.
EN
The industrialization of the 1975–1989 period brought changes in spatial development and transformations in the human natural environment. New industrial investments required space for their implementation. As a result, the size of green areas near the cities gradually decreased. In addition, the activity of the “old” plants, as well as those under development, posed a serious threat to the environment. These problems were also evident in the province of Kielce. In the middle of the Gierek’s decade the region ranked fifth in the country in terms of the amount of pollution emitted into the atmosphere. In the area of “White Basin”, where many cement and lime factories were concentrated, dust fallout production standards were exceeded even several times. Results of the analyses on the problem of environmental threats may become an important part of the debate on socio-economic processes taking place in Poland during the postwar period. Hitherto studies of industrialization in the years 1944/1945–1989 focused mainly on its social consequences. However, they almost completely ignore the issue of degradation of the ecosystem, which is also closely associated with the industrialization pursued.
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano relacje zachodzące pomiędzy procesem industrializacji a stanem środowiska naturalnego w PRL w latach 1975–1989 na przykładzie województwa kieleckiego. Prowadzona w tym okresie rozbudowa przemysłu bez uwzględnienia potencjalnych zagrożeń ekologicznych spowodowała szybką degradację poszczególnych komponentów ekosystemu. Środowiskowy fragment historii społeczno-gospodarczej Polski w okresie powojennym jest szczególnie ciekawy i warty pogłębionych studiów, tym bardziej że dotychczas był to aspekt pomijany przez badaczy dziejów najnowszych.
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