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EN
Given the numerous actors involved, spatial planning in metropolitan areas is a complex and sophisticated process. Spatial as well as ecological conflicts arise from the different ways of perceiving and understanding space and its resources. As one of Poland’s largest cities, Cracow’s specific role in this domain is illustrated. The main aim of the survey, which was conducted among local authorities and inhabitants alike, shows the opinions of the two groups on the role of spatial planning, its impact on local development, and the quality of spatial policy in Cracow. Another objective of the study was to identify the involvement of the inhabitants of Cracow in the process of spatial planning.
PL
The paper presents Wymiennik – an alternative economic system created in 2012 in Warsaw, which uses a grassroots and virtual local currency called alterka. The author discusses the reading inspirations of the Wymiennik participants and their lifestyle to determine how the perceptions of the optimal shape of the nonmonetary exchange system relate to the real practice of its functioning. The paper describes the users’ motivations to participate in the system and the needs it fulfils. The sources of knowledge about the Wymiennik are: twelve in-depth interviews with users and system leaders, discourse analysis and two-year participant observation.
EN
"How economic change affects job availability for less-skilled workers in Taiwan? Employment and earnings are the primary sources of support for most non-elderly adults. Thus, a key to understanding changes in the wellbeing of low-income populations is to understand the jobs and wages available to less-skilled workers. The macro-economy influences unemployment rates, wage shifts, and overall economic growth, all of which are important factors that determine the economic well-being of low-income families. This study is going to focus on the trends in labor market and macroeconomic circumstances that particularly affect less-educated and low-wage workers. We look at changes in work behavior among individuals by skill level and, then, examine unemployment and job availability. Secondly, the focus of this study is put on trends in earnings. We discuss the reasons behind substantial earnings shifts among lower-paid workers and higher-paid workers by gender since 1994. Moreover, we investigate the relationship between macroeconomic and labor market factors and poverty rates by using the vector autoregression (VAR) technique to analyze multivariate time-series data collected from 1978 to 2015. Finally, this study will discuss policy implications based on empirical results. Based on empirical evidence, we suggest that maintaining a high-employment economy and increasing skill levels for low-educated workers are important long-term solutions to the reduction of poverty in Taiwan.
Ad Americam
|
2016
|
issue 17
109-118
EN
The changes that have been taking place in Cuba in recent years, especially after its resumption of relations with the United States, have lead us to view this insular society as vulnerable. The opening of the economy and the growing importance of the private sector are creating social changes both positive and negative. This article seeks to identify the elements that are weakening Cuban society and making it vulnerable, as well as analyze the conditions that reinforce the stability on the Island. This article is the result of more than three years of research, thanks to the project Quo Vadis Cuba? Implications for Europe and Poland (2011-2013).
PL
W sytuacji coraz większej konkurencji wśród jednostek samorządu terytorialnego gmin uzdrowiskowych i dużej dynamiki zmian na rynku usług uzdrowiskowych stosuje się strategiczne podejście do zarządzania zmianą gospodarczą. W tym kontekście w Krynicy-Zdroju konieczne jest wprowadzenie zmian gospodarczych w sposób planowany (antycypacyjny). W tym celu niezbędne jest opracowanie strategii zarządzania zmianą gospodarczą (SZZG) w Krynicy-Zdroju, która pozwoli na poprawę procesów decyzyjnych w reakcji na zachodzące zmiany, a w konsekwencji na szybszą adaptację do zmieniających się warunków otoczenia i uzyskanie w przyszłości przewagi konkurencyjnej na rynku usług uzdrowiskowych. W artykule wyznaczono cztery główne etapy w procesie budowy SZZG w Krynicy-Zdroju. W pierwszym etapie – diagnostycznym – pogłębionej analizie poddano makro- i mikrootoczenie, jak również dokonano oceny aktualnego stanu (potencjału) uzdrowiska. W ramach drugiego, analitycznego etapu przeprowadzono analizę strategiczną Krynicy-Zdroju w obszarze funkcji uzdrowiskowej z wykorzystaniem metody SWOT. Trzeci etap ma charakter projektowy, natomiast w czwartym zaproponowano wdrożenie SZZG z wykorzystaniem metody Strategicznej Karty Wyników.
EN
In the case of increasing competition among local municipal governments and dynamics of change on spa service market, a strategic approach to the management of economic change is applied. In this context, in Krynica-Zdrój, it is necessary to introduce economic changes as planned (in an anticipatory way). For this purpose, it is necessary to create a Strategy for Economic Change Management (SZZG) in Krynica-Zdrój, which will improve the decision-making processes in response to changes and, in consequence, allow for a more rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions and obtaining a competitive advantage in the future market of spa services. The article sets four main stages in the process of construction SZZG in Krynica-Zdrój. In the first diagnostic stage, general and particular environments were analyzed in detail, as well as the current state (of potential) of Krynica-Zdrój was assessed. In the second analytical stage, a strategic analysis of Krynica-Zdrój was carried out in the area of spa function using the SWOT method. The third step is a planning one, while the fourth proposes to implement SZZG using the Balanced Scorecard method.
PL
Nauki ekonomiczne coraz częściej włączają zmienne kulturowe do analizy procesów zmian gospodarczych. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na niektóre kwestie teoretyczne i metodologiczne, wiążące się ze stosowaniem perspektywy kulturowej, oraz na sposób, w jaki czynnik kulturowy (jak kultura ekonomiczna) jest stosowany w badaniach nad procesami zmiany gospodarczej: na poziomie makro – narodowej kultury ekonomicznej, czyli historycznie zakorzenionych wartości kulturowych sprzyjających rozwojowi; na poziomie mezo – kultury ekonomicznej różnych grup, zbiorowości i miast; na poziomie mikro – kultury organizacyjnej, istotnego składnika kultury ekonomicznej.
EN
The economics sciences more and more often connects cultural variables to economic change processes. The article considers several theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of culture, and in the way economic culture is used in studies on processes of economic change on various levels: at the macro-level of national economic culture in the search for historically rooted cultural values conducive to economic development; at the mezo-level of the economic culture of various social groups, communities and cities; and at the micro-level of organisational culture, which is a significant component of economic culture.
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