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1

The Arab Awakening and Its Political Economy

100%

Rewizorski M.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2012

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vol. 41

323-340

EN

Many commentators suggest that the Middle East political turbulence was foreseeable and it cannot be said it had been unexpected. However, the diplomatic and intelligence establishments in the United States and the European Union, which have the most crucial stakes in this region, seemed to have been so preoccupied with focusing on Al Qaeda, Hezbol-lah, Hammas, and the Taliban that in a narrow picture they seem to have lost sight of the revolutionary wave, which has altered the governments in Tunis and Cairo and shaved off some of the most hated and oppressive regimes with the sheer example of Hosni Mubarak and Muammar Qaddafi . The spectacular fall of such dictators as Mubarak, has led to the question, whether the “Arab Awakening” was a transformation or a revolution. There are also questions concerning the idea of democratisation of the third world and corruption, which change the Arab governments into “bad apples”. According to the western view, democracy is a Janus-faced ideological god, pulling the strings of both politics and economics. One cannot exist without the other, therefore, when we reconsider the political aspect of the Arab uprising, we should not forget about the economy.

2

Kiedy zaczęło się odradzanie gospodarki rynkowej w Polsce?

75%

Kaliński J.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 1(73)

PL

Autor broni tezy o decydującym wpływie na kształt gospodarki polskiej na przełomie XX i XXI wieku reform ekonomicznych podjętych przez, pierwszy po II wojnie światowej, demokratyczny rząd kierowany przez Tadeusza Mazowieckiego. Odmawia racji wskazującym na pierwszorzędną rolę reform podjętych przez ostatni rząd komunistyczny Mieczysława Rakowskiego.

EN

The author defends the thesis that the economic reforms introduced by the first post-World War II democratic government in Poland, led by Tadeusz Mazowiecki, exerted a decisive influence on the shape of the Polish economy at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. He refutes the opinion that it was the reforms undertaken by the last communist government of Mieczysław Rakowski were of greater importance.

3

„Napájeni ze stejného zdroje“ Thatcherismus a Československo po sametové revoluci

63%

Šmigol O.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 1

99-119

EN

The views and policies of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, which became known as Thatcherism, were mirrored in the newly democratic Czechoslovakia. Democratic left respected her for the principled critique of the Soviet bloc, but it was the Czechoslovak, or more accurately Czech right, which was directly inspired by her programme. Under the leadership of the Finance Minister and later Prime Minister Václav Klaus Czechoslovakia undertook the most radical economic reform of all post-communist countries. British conservatism inspired the Czech right, partly indirectly, as the Czech politician read similar conservative thinkers and economists as the people surrounding Thatcher, but there is also direct inspiration. Czechoslovak officials closely studied British privatisation. The British provided advisers, money and organised conferences, all to achieve a smooth reform process. The result was a clear imprint of Thatcherism on the Czechoslovak economic reform and on the newly constituted Czech right.

4

Reforming the Primary Instrumental Cause of Increasing Income Inequality

63%

Carmack P. S. J.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2019

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vol. 8

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issue 4

789-818

EN

It is undisputed that fewer and fewer people own and control more and more of the total material wealth of the world, and conversely, that more and more people—the vast majority of mankind—own and control less and less of it, which situation is rapidly worsening. This paper identifies and examines the primary instrumental cause (i.e., prescinding from human avarice) for that phenomenon, which we argue is the usurpation of the sovereign right of money creation, known as seigniorage (from the Old French seigneuriage, “right of the lord to mint money”). This usurpation has been accomplished by a cunning and complex banking technique known as fractional reserve banking, which enables banks to make loans based on the fraudulent representation that they possess sufficient reserves to back the loans (described in detail in the article). Originally considered criminal, and its practitioners even subject to the death penalty, over the last three centuries by hook or by crook fractional reserve banking has been legalized in nearly all the nations of the world, to the benefit of bankers and the harm of all other economic sectors and the public. The article then examines the deleterious effects of fractional reserve banking on capitalism, and how its extirpation may be accomplished, thereby reforming capitalism—“which is not of its nature vicious”—into a more just economic system. Finally we note how socialism—in any of its various stripes—is radically contrary to the private ownership of material goods necessary for proper human liberty, and rooted as it is in the purely materialistic notion that man should be subject to the State or society in order to to maximize production, cannot be acceptably reformed. Economics is not necessarily a zero sum game: even when vitiated by fractional reserve banking capitalism will result in greater total wealth, but shared more and more unequally, whereas socialism inevitably results in less total wealth, recalling Winston Churchill’s apt observation that: “The inherent vice of capitalism is the unequal sharing of the blessings. The inherent virtue of socialism is the equal sharing of the miseries.”

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1 Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

1 Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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1 Carmack P. S. J.

1 Kaliński J.

1 Rewizorski M.

1 Šmigol O.

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The Arab Awakening and Its Political Economy

Kiedy zaczęło się odradzanie gospodarki rynkowej w Polsce?

„Napájeni ze stejného zdroje“ Thatcherismus a Československo po sametové revoluci

Reforming the Primary Instrumental Cause of Increasing Income Inequality