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1

ФОРМУВАННЯ РИЗИК-ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ-ЕКОНОМІСТІВ

100%
Кобилянська І., Кобилянський О., Кириченко В.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2015
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issue 4(48)
331-339
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the theoretical aspects of the formation of risk-oriented thinking of the students of economics. The study used a systematic and comparative analysis. The results of the study have proved that the problem of the formation of risk-oriented thinking of the specialists-economists in the conditions of deep economic and political integration with the EU is relevant and practically significant. Formation of the market in Ukraine and market infrastructure, establishing new mechanisms of economic relations, the development of free enterprise, competition require deepening of the theory of economic risk, methods of its analysis, evaluation and simulation, optimization of risk management at all levels of management: national, regional, local, sectoral, at the levels of organizations, enterprises, shops, sites, regardless of ownership. At present there is no clear understanding of risk, particularly in the economy and business. Diversity of opinions about the nature of the risk is explained, in particular, by the multidimensionality of this phenomenon, its certain disregard in the existing economic legislation, insufficient use in real economic practice and management. In addition, the risk is a complex phenomenon, having a plurality of distinct and sometimes opposite bases. The notion of «economic risk» is specified. It is the objective-subjective aspect of any kind of business activity connected with overcoming the uncertainty and conflict in the situation of imminent choice that reflects the degree of deviation from the objectives of the desired (expected) result, the degree of failure (losses), taking into account the impact on it of controlled and uncontrolled factors of internal and external environment. The practical significance of the study is in determination of the specific types of economic risks inherent in their future professional activity in the main areas of training: finance and credit, international economics, banking, economics of enterprise, human resource management and labor economics, marketing, taxation, accounting and auditing and others. Competition forces the economic experts, entrepreneurs, managers gain experience in managing of economic risk in order to avoid possible errors in the process of implementation of the encumbered with risk financial, industrial, commercial and other operations. The results of the research can be used for further improvement of the traditional professional training of the specialists in the sphere of economics.
2

Social Class, Life Events and Poverty Risks in Comparative European Perspective

75%
Vandecasteele L.
International Review of Social Research
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2015
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vol. 5
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issue 1
61-74
EN
In this article I examine the role of social class for poverty transitions. Social class has traditionally been an important predictor of social inequalities, but it is sometimes argued that it has lost its relevance for explaining precariousness and economic risk in contemporary societies. This paper reviews the debate regarding the relevance of social class, the literature on life course dynamics as well as the tensions and links between the social stratification framework and the dynamic perspective on economic risk. In the empirical partI assess the importance of life events as predictors of poverty in combination with social stratification variables. The results show that the risk of experiencing poverty triggering life events is not equally spread across populations, but rather varies across welfare states and linked to social class, gender and education level. Secondly, random effects discrete-time hazard models in thirteen European countries show the relative importance of life course events and social stratification determinants as predictors of poverty entry.
3
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THE EXTENT TO WHICH POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RISKS HAVE AFFECTED THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

63%
Worimegbe P. M., Worimegbe T. M., Abiola-Oke E.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
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2019
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vol. 18
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issue 2
77-91
PL
Przedstawione w artykule badania mają na celu określenie stopnia, w jakim uwarunkowania polityczne i gospodarcze i związane z nimi ryzyko wpłynęły na przemysł turystyczny i gospodarkę w Nigerii. W ostatnim czasie doszło do rozwoju nigeryjskiego przemysłu turystycznego, jednak przeszkadzają w tym m.in. fala nietolerancji religijnej, rebelie i zmiany w rządzie. Brakuje literatury i analiz empirycznych, aby pokazać, w jakim stopniu ryzyka o charakterze politycznym wpłynęły na turystykę w Nigerii. Artykuł wpisuje się w tę lukę. Do zbadania związku między ryzykiem politycznym i gospodarczym a turystyką w Nigerii, szczególnie w latach 2006–2017, zastosowano technikę statystyczną regresji. Wykorzystano dane szeregów czasowych z World Travel and Tourism Council, 2017. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że istnieje pozytywny związek między ryzykiem politycznym i gospodarczym w Nigerii. Wyniki badań pokazują, że ryzyko polityczne i gospodarcze oddziałuje na turystykę, a turystyka ma znaczący wpływ na gospodarkę. Wysoki wpływ ryzyka politycznego i gospodarczego na turystykę wymaga odpowiedniego bezpieczeństwa w kraju oraz lepszych ram prawnych i instytucjonalnych. Zwiększy to ekonomiczny wpływ turystyki na gospodarkę Nigerii.
EN
The study aims to determine the extent to which political and economic risks have aff ected the tourism industry and the economy in Nigeria. Prior Work: In recent times, there has been a clamour for the development of the Nigerian tourism industry but such has been beset by a spate of religious intolerance, insurgency, and changes in government, among others. There seems to be dearth of literature and empirical evidence to show the extent to which political risk has infl uenced tourism in Nigeria. Approach: Time series secondary data from the World Travel and Tourism Council, 2017 were used in the regression analysis. Regression statistical technique was used to examine the relationship between political and economic risk and tourism in Nigeria specifi cally between 2006 and 2017. Results: The study adopted a regression approach and found out that causality exists and there is a positive signifi cant relationship between political and economic risk in Nigeria. Implication: The result of the relationship shows that political and economic risk have eff ects on tourism, and tourism has a signifi cant impact on the economy. The signifi cant eff ect of political and economic risk on tourism calls for adequate security in the country, and better legal and institutional frameworks. This will enhance the economic impact of tourism on the Nigerian economy.
4
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Uiszczenie grzywny za pracownika – poplecznictwo, niegospodarność czy jedynie wykroczenie?

51%
Długosz-Jóźwiak J.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
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2021
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vol. 83
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issue 4
65-77
EN
The article deals with the issue of criminal law valuation of the behaviour of a professional manager of an entrepreneur consisting in paying for an employee a fine imposed on him for committing a crime or a common misdemeanour, as a result of which the effect of the penalty as a personal nuisance imposed on the perpetrator of a criminal offence is thwarted and the entrepreneur loses his assets. The aim of the reflection is to decide whether an entrepreneur may grant legal protection to an employee who, while undertaking business activities for the entrepreneur, commits a punishable act and, in particular, whether a manager, by deciding to incur a fine for an employee, does not expose himself to criminal liability for embezzlement of the entrepreneur's assets (Article 296 Criminal Code). The study uses a formal-dogmatic method of research, which is determined by its subject. In the final conclusions it was indicated that the payment of a fine by a manager does not exhaust the statutory elements of the offence of hustling (Article 239 § 1 CC); in some cases, however, it may be qualified as an offence of mismanagement under Article 296 CC.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę karnoprawnego wartościowania zachowania profesjonalnego menedżera przedsiębiorcy, polegającego na uiszczeniu za pracownika grzywny wymierzonej mu za popełnienie przestępstwa lub wykroczenia powszechnego, w wyniku czego dochodzi do udaremnienia efektu oddziaływania kary jako osobistej dolegliwości wymierzanej sprawcy czynu karalnego oraz do utraty aktywów przedsiębiorcy. Celem rozważań jest rozstrzygnięcie, czy przedsiębiorca może udzielić ochrony prawnej pracownikowi, który, podejmując czynności służbowe na rzecz przedsiębiorcy, dopuszcza się czynu karalnego, a w szczególności, czy menedżer, podejmując decyzję o poniesieniu grzywny za pracownika, nie naraża się na odpowiedzialność karną za niegospodarne zarządzanie majątkiem przedsiębiorcy (art. 296 k.k.). W opracowaniu wykorzystano formalno-dogmatyczną metodę badań, co jest determinowane ich przedmiotem. We wnioskach końcowych wskazano, że uiszczenie grzywny przez menedżera nie wyczerpuje ustawowych znamion przestępstwa poplecznictwa (art. 239 § 1 k.k.); w niektórych przypadkach może jednak zostać zakwalifikowane jako przestępstwo niegospodarności z art. 296 k.k.
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