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EDUCATIONAL EFFECTS ON THE LABOR MARKET IN POLAND: DATA ANALYSIS AND MODELLING

100%
Żyra J., Shevchuk V.
Information Systems in Management
|
2012
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vol. 1
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issue 3
245-257
EN
Although a higher student enrollment in Poland is a progrowth factor, it is not ruled out that it contributes to a higher unemployment through one of three channels such as: (i) negative productivity effects, (ii) excessive administrative regulations, (iii) educational mismatches. In turn, educational mismatches could be a result of the “wrong” field of study choice, lack of proper competences (skills) or overeducation. Our study reveals that the expansion of students on humanities, economics/business and engineering fields of study could be one of the reasons behind higher unemployment rate, but this is not the case for science/mathematics studies. The most important aspects of modeling of labor market educational effects are discussed in the context of the graduates career path monitoring project.
2
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Educational Mismatches and Earnings in Poland: Are Graduates Penalised for Being Overeducated?

100%
Wincenciak L.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
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2016
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issue 46
145-167
EN
Qualification mismatch is defined as the difference between the level of qualifications held by employees and those required by the type of work they do. Basing on Kiker et al. (1997), a measure of overeducation and undereducation is proposed on the basis of the ISCO 08 classification of occupations. The dominant education level is determined for a given occupation’s 3-digit group on the basis of the distribution of education levels for employees in that occupation. Each individual having exactly the dominant level of education is considered well-matched. Those with higher levels of education are considered overeducated, those with lower levels − undereducated. An extended Mincer wage regression model with Heckman correction for non-random selection is estimated, using LFS data for Poland for the second quarter of 2013. Significant wage penalties are found in cases of overeducation status, along with positive wage premia for being undereducated, this confirming findings to be noted in the literature of other countries. Applying an approach after Duncan and Hoffman (1981), I find significant positive returns to years of overschooling and negative for underschooling. Young participants on the labour market (graduates) are less penalised for being overeducated, which suggests their overeducation is not necessarily a manifestation of lower ability.
3
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Wage Effects of Overeducation: Evidence from Poland

100%
Broniatowska P.
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
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2021
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issue 1
4
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Współczesne narzędzia ekonometryczne w badaniach niedopasowań strukturalnych na rynku usług edukacyjnych

86%
Żyra J.
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 1
275-285
PL
Oszacowano wpływ liczby studentów studiujących na poszczególnych kierunkach na poziom płac w Polsce. Ustalono, że każdy z kierunków ─ humanistyczny, ekonomiczny, techniczny czy nauk ścisłych ─ powoduje wzrost płac na poziomie makroekonomicznym, ale efekt ten jest najmniejszy dla studiów ekonomicznych, co może być skutkiem zbyt wysokiego zainteresowania edukacją tego typu. Wyniki uzyskane dla studiów technicznych mogą świadczyć o nadwyżce popytu na inżynierów na rynku pracy w stosunku do ich podaży z systemu edukacji wyższej.
EN
The wage effects of student numbers on particular fields of study in Poland are analyzed. It is found that any of the fields of study, i.e. humanitarian, business and economics, technical or natural sciences, contributes to an increase in wages on the macroeconomic level, but the whole effect is smaller for studies in economics, which could be an outcome of too high interest in that kind of education. On the other side, our results for technical studies could be viewed as an argument in favor of an excess labor market demand for engineers compared to their supply by the educational system.
5
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WPŁYW NIEDOPASOWAŃ KWALIFIKACYJNYCH NA WYNAGRODZENIA ABSOLWENTÓW W POLSCE

72%
Wincenciak L.
Polityka Społeczna
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2016
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vol. 43
|
issue 3(504)
7-12
EN
The qualification mismatch is understood as the difference between the level of qualifications and/or the competence possessed by employees and those required by the type of job performed. Large scale of qualification mismatch is often a manifestation of a suboptimal allocation of resources in the economy. The inefficiency of this kind may raise the question of the rationality of spend­ing public resources on education. From the point of view of employers – the existence of a large gap between the skills possessed by potential employees and the requirements of the jobs pose multiple problems like: raising the costs of recruitment, costs of testing and revealing the actual productivity of workers, costs of training for bridging the gaps. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of horizontal mismatches (formally the same level of education, but different qualifications) and vertical mismatches (possessing different level of education than required by the type of job performed) on the earnings of graduates in Poland. The data source comes from a unique study conducted as a part of special research project carried out at the Institute for Educational Research – “Social and economic determinants of educational choices of people aged 19–30″. The definitions of mismatches are based on employees’ self-assessment. The main findings are negative wage premia to horizontal mismatch – the higher, the greater the magnitude of this mismatch. However, in the case of vertical mismatch, a positive wage premium is found for those having education levels lower than required in the current job (undereducation) and negative premium related to the fact of performing jobs that require lower levels of education than currently held by graduates (overeducation).
PL
Niedopasowania kwalifikacyjne i/lub kompetencyjne (qualification mismatch) rozumiane są jako różnica między poziomem kwalifikacji i/lub kompetencji posiadanych przez pracowników oraz wymaganych przez rodzaj pracy przez nich wykonywanej. Niedopasowania kwalifikacyjne są świadectwem nieoptymalnej alokacji zasobów w gospodarce. Nieefektywność tego rodzaju może z kolei stawiać pytanie o racjonalność wydatkowania publicznych środków na edukację. Z punktu widzenia pracodawców istnienie dużego rozdźwięku między kwalifikacjami posiadanymi przez potencjalnych pracowników a wymaganiami danego stanowiska pracy stwarzają problemy wielorakiego rodzaju: podnoszą koszty rekrutacji, wymagają testowania i ujawniania rzeczywistej produktywności pracowników, wymagają dużych nakładów na szkolenia i zdobywanie brakujących umiejętności. Badanie na pod­stawie danych zgromadzonych w ramach projektu prowadzonego w Instytucie Badań Edukacyjnych pt. „Społeczne i eko­nomiczne uwarunkowania wyborów osób w wieku 19–30 lat dotyczących studiowania” ujawniają, że około 30% absolwentów charakteryzuje się niedopasowaniem wertykalnym, zaś około 35% absolwentów z wykształceniem wyższym deklaruje niedopasowanie horyzontalne do aktualnie wykonywanej pracy. Oba zjawiska mają swoje konsekwencje dla wynagrodzeń, co w dłuższej perspektywie może również wpływać na wartość i stopę zwrotu z wykształcenia.
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