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Roma ethnic minority risk of social exclusion in Poland

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Świętek A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica
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2014
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vol. 5
117-130
EN
Roma people are one of the most colourful minorities in Poland and arouse interest and controversy among contemporary Polish society, nearly monolithic in terms of ethnic origin and nationality. At present, the socio-economic situation of Roma people in Poland and in other European countries is difficult and marked with social exclusion. In the article the author identifies and describes the following symptoms of social exclusion experienced by Roma people in Poland: lack of tolerance in Polish majority, problems relating to the functioning on the labour market and access to education, low standard of living as well as the need for some actions for Roma people in Poland to be taken by governmental authorities. The author refers in the article to numerous results of current surveys on the attitude adopted by Poles towards Roma people, which prove intolerant attitude of Poles to this minority. The second fact that, in the author’s opinion, confirms social exclusion of Roma people in Poland is extremely high unemployment rate (90%) among Polish Roma, a consequence of disappearance of typical Roma professions, cultural limitations, stereotypes and very low level of education. This last reason further proves social exclusion of Roma people, although the situation in this respect is dynamically changing. As a result of actions taken by governmental authorities and because of financial support and creation of a post of a Roma assistant and a support teacher since 2004 Roma children have been widely attending schools. Roma ethnic minority is also excluded because of its very low standard of living characterised by the author on the basis of her own research carried out in the Małopolska Region. At the end of the article the author indicates governmental actions aimed at fighting the symptoms of social exclusion taken within the “Program for the Roma Community in Poland”.
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Tożsamość etniczna jako zmienna. O możliwości implementacji narzędzi pomiarowych do badań nad problematyką tożsamości

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Fudala R.
Przegląd Pedagogiczny
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2022
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issue 2
102-121
EN
Members of national and ethnic minorities, who are Polish citizens, have the right to free education, which I refer to in this article as ethnic education. Ethnic education is formally an element of the Polish education system. However, there is a question about the evaluation, checking the effectiveness of ethnic education, which is financed from the state budget. Ethnic education is aimed at shaping an ethnic identity which is not easily subject to operationaliza tion and evaluation research. In this text, therefore, I consider a method and a tool that could help to solve the problem outlined above. The quantitative approach to issues of ethnic identity, popular in the USA, in principle does not exist on the basis of Polish social research. Therefore, in order to demonstrate some possibilities of a psychometric approach to the discussed issue, I undertook a cultural adaptation of the Multigropup Ethnic Identity Measurement test, which has been functioning for several years in the American methodology. The research results and test parameters are presented in this article.
PL
Członkowie mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych, będący polskimi obywatelami, mają prawo do darmowej edukacji, którą na łamach niniejszego artykułu określam mianem edukacji etnicznej. Może ona funkcjonować w nurcie formalnym, jako element polskiego systemu oświaty. Często rodzi się jednak pytanie o ewaluację, sprawdzenie skuteczności edukacji etnicznej, finansowanej z budżetu państwa. Jest ona bowiem ukierunkowana na kształtowanie tożsamości etnicznej, która niełatwo poddaje się operacjonalizacji i badaniom ewaluacyjnym. W tekście tym podejmuję więc namysł nad metodą i narzędziem, które mogłyby przyczynić się do rozwiązania zarysowanego powyżej problemu. Podejście ilościowe do kwestii związanych z badaniem tożsamości etnicznej, popularne w USA, na gruncie polskich badań społecznych w zasadzie nie występuje. Dlatego też, chcąc wykazać pewne możliwości psychometrycznego podejścia do omawianej kwestii, podjąłem się dokonania kulturowej adaptacji testu Multigropup Ethnic Identity Measurement, funkcjonującego już od kilkunastu lat w amerykańskiej metodologii badania tożsamości etnicznej. Wyniki badania oraz parametry testu prezentuję na łamach niniejszego artykułu.
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