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Occupational exposure to radon for underground tourist routes in Poland: Doses to lung and the risk of developing lung cancer

100%

Walczak K., Olszewski J., Politański P., Zmyślony M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2017

vol. 30

issue 5

687-694

Objectives Radon concentrations for 31 Polish underground tourist routes were analyzed. The equivalent dose to the lung, the effective dose and the relative risk were calculated for employees of the analyzed routes on the grounds of information on radon concentrations, work time, etc. Material and Methods The relative risk for lung cancers was calculated using the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VI Committee model. Equivalent doses to the lungs of workers were determined using the coefficients calculated by the Kendall and Smith. The conversion coefficient proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the report No. 33 was used for estimating the effective doses. Results In 13 routes, the effective dose was found to be above 1 mSv/year, and in 3 routes, it exceeded 6 mSv/year. For 5 routes, the equivalent dose to lungs was higher than 100 mSv/year, and in 1 case it was as high as 490 mSv/year. In 22.6% of underground workplaces the risk of developing lung cancer among employees was about 2 times higher than that for the general population, and for 1 tourist route it was about 5 times higher. The geometric mean of the relative risk of lung cancer for all workers of underground tourist routes was 1.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–1.87). Routes were divided into: caves, mines, post-military underground constructions and urban underground constructions. Conclusions The difference between levels of the relative risk of developing lung cancer for all types of underground tourist routes was not found to be significant. If we include the professional group of the employees of underground tourist routes into the group of occupational exposure, the number of persons who are included in the Category A due to occupational exposure may increase by about 3/4. The professional group of the employees of underground tourist routes should be monitored for their exposure to radon. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(5):687–694

Ionizing radiation and volumetric mammographic density

100%

Pepłońska B., Mirowski M., Kałużny P., Domienik-Andrzejewska J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2022

vol. 35

issue 5

635-649

Objectives Mammographic density (MD) refers to the percentage of dense tissue of an entire breast and was proposed to be used as a surrogate marker for breast cancer. High-dose ionizing radiation (IR) has been recognized as a breast cancer risk factor. The aim of our study was to investigate association between lifetime low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) and MD. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study included 467 women aged 40–60 years who underwent screening mammography in Łódź, Poland. The digital mammography examination of the breasts included both craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views. The volumetric breast density (VBD) (%) and fibrograndular tissue volume (FG) (cm3) were determined based on the analysis of mammographic image (“for processing”) using Volpara Imaging Software. The exposure to IR was estimated for each individual, based on the data from interviews about diagnostic or therapeutic medical procedures performed in the area of the neck, chest, abdomen and spine, which involved X-rays and γ rays and the data about the doses derived from literature. Linear and logistic regression were fitted with VBD and FG as the outcomes and organ breast dose, effective dose and number of mammographies as the determinants, adjusted for major confounders. Results The analyses showed no association between VBD or FG and the breast organ dose or the effective dose. The only significant finding observed concerned the association between the number of mammographies and the FG volume with β coefficient: 0.028 (95% CI: 0.012–0.043), and predicted mean FG volume >13.4 cm3 among the women with >3 mammographies when compared to those with none. Conclusions This study does not, in general, provide support for the positive association between LDIR and MD. The weak association of the FG volume with the number of mammographies warrants further verification in larger independent studies.

Assessment of exposure of workers to ionizing radiation from radioiodine and technetium in nuclear medicine departmental facilities

84%

Krajewska G., Pachocki K. A.

Medycyna Pracy

2013

vol. 64

issue 5

625-630

Wprowadzenie: Ze względu na stosowanie promieniowania jonizującego medycyna nuklearna jest istotną i unikalną gałęzią metod diagnostycznych i leczniczych. Celem podjętych badań była ocena narażenia wewnętrznego pracowników zakładów medycyny nuklearnej na jod promieniotwórczy 131I i technet 99mTc oraz ocena dawek pochodzących z ekspozycji zewnętrznej. Materiał i metody: Pomiary zawartości radiojodu 131I i technetu 99mTc w tarczycy osób pracujących z tymi radionuklidami (ok. 100 osób) wykonano w 4 ośrodkach medycyny nuklearnej. Zastosowano przenośny zestaw detekcyjny mierzący radionuklidy in situ. Dawki pochodzące z ekspozycji zewnętrznej mierzono, wykorzystując środowiskowe dozymetry termoluminescencyjne (thermoluminescent dosimeters - TLD) o dużej czułości. Wyniki: Zawartość radiojodu 131I w tarczycy wynosiła średnio: 83 Bq (zakres aktywności: 70-250 Bq) w grupie personelu technicznego, 280 Bq (zakres: 70-4000 Bq) w grupie personelu medycznego i 275 Bq (zakres: 70-1000 Bq) w grupie personelu pomocniczego. Średnia zawartość technetu 99mTc w tarczycy wynosiła ok. 1500 Bq (zakres: 50-1800 Bq). Otrzymana moc dawek pochodzących z ekspozycji zewnętrznej mieściła się w zakresie 0,5-10 μGy/godz. Wnioski: Oszacowana średnia dawka skuteczna pochodząca z inhalacji radiojodu 131I stanowiła mniej niż 5% rocznego limitu dla narażenia zawodowego, które wynosi 20 mSv/rok. Med. Pr. 2013;64(5):625–630

Background: Due to its use of ionising radiation, the field of nuclear medicine is a unique and significant part of medical diagnostics and patient treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the internal exposure of nuclear medicine employees to radioiodine 131I and technetium 99mTc as well as to assess the external exposure doses. Material and Methods: The radioiodine 131I and technetium 99mTc contents in the thyroid of staff members (about 100 persons) dealing with these radionuclides have been measured in four departments of nuclear medicine. The measurements were conducted with a portable detection unit for in situ measurements of radioiodine and technetium. High sensitivity environmental thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to measure the external exposure dose. Results: The average values and ranges of radioiodine 131I activity measured in the thyroids of all of the medical units' employees were: 83 Bq (range: 70-250 Bq), 280 Bq (range: 70-4000 Bq), 275 Bq (range: 70-1000 Bq) for technical staff, nuclear medicine staff and hospital services staff, respectively. The mean value of technetium 99mTc content in the thyroids of nuclear medicine staff was approximately 1500 Bq (range: 50- -1800 Bq). External exposure dose rates were in the range of 0.5-10 μGy/h. Conclusions: The calculated average effective dose for particular person caused by the inhalation of radioiodine 131I is below 5% of 20 mSv/year (occupational exposure limit). Med Pr 2013;64(5):625–630

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2 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

1 Medycyna Pracy

1 Domienik-Andrzejewska J.

1 Kałużny P.

1 Krajewska G.

1 Mirowski M.

1 Olszewski J.

1 Pachocki K. A.

1 Pepłońska B.

1 Politański P.

1 Walczak K.

1 Zmyślony M.

1 2022

1 2017

1 2014

Search results

Occupational exposure to radon for underground tourist routes in Poland: Doses to lung and the risk of developing lung cancer

Ionizing radiation and volumetric mammographic density

Assessment of exposure of workers to ionizing radiation from radioiodine and technetium in nuclear medicine departmental facilities