Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  effectiveness of law
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The article analyses the phenomenon of legislative inflation from three perspectives: historical, legal and political. The term "legislative inflation" is widely used by various European legal and political scientists and means an increase in the amount of legal norms. Issuing a considerable number of new legal norms consequently raises the question about the balance between the quality and quantity of the work of the legislator(s). There are three relatively similar, yet essentially different terms: "effectiveness, efficacy and efficiency" of laws, each of which should be considered and evaluated by legislators. Legislative inflation, if not adequately perceived, can lead to legal nihilism - a phenomenon mostly attributed to Russian and post-Soviet societies, but by substance an acute problem in all Western societies.
EN
It is notorious that the concept of “effectiveness of law” has, in addition to its dogmatic legal dimension, also a sociological dimension – in terms of compliance with and effectiveness of legal norms. Closely related to this is the topic of non-compliance with the law, respectively illegal conduct. With regard to the examined problem of corrupt behaviour, this article is about the (in)effectiveness of legal regulation of punishment of corruption. On the other hand, the corruption itself can also be one of the reasons for practical ineffectiveness (non-compliance) of law in general. The reason, but also the way to solve both problems may consist in sociological and psychological aspects of corruption, which shows certain specificities in comparison with other crimes.
3
Content available remote

Hypertrofie práva, její aspekty a jak jí čelit

72%
EN
In the introduction, the author presents specific data on the so called hypertrophy of law in the Czech Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Poland. Hypertrophy of law is connected especially with the transition to the post-industrial society and the author considers it a very negative phenomenon. He is of the opinion, that the rule of law principle clearly establishes that legislation should be at least relatively stable, relatively clear and relatively certain. In all these aspects, the fact of the hypertrophy of the law makes the overall situation considerably worse. At the same time, in many countries (including the Czech Republic) it is associated with legislative crisis. A considerable part of legislation is not of the appropriate quality, which leads to their frequent amendments and to short viability. Gradually, the respect for the law and legal certainty is lost, which is particularly important in the light of the ancient postulate of “Ubi jus incertum, ibi jus nullum”. Everything seems to indicate that hypertrophy of the law substantially reduces the effectiveness of law and threatens the very rule of law.According to the author this trend must be faced primarily by increasing the quality of laws. The author accuses lawyers and non-lawyers alike of having the opinion that legislation is omnipotent and that all social problems are solvable through law. Law-making is according to the author considered to be extremely important, very difficult, requiring specially trained professionals and he compares it to scientific work.
CS
V úvodu uvádí autor konkrétní údaje o hypertrofii práva v České republice, Spolkové republice Německo a v Polské republice. Hypertrofii práva spojuje především s přechodem společnosti ve společnost postindustriální a posuzuje ji jako velmi záporný fenomén. Domnívá se, že z postulátu právního státu jednoznačně plyne, že právní řád by měl být alespoň relativně stabilní, relativně přehledný a relativně určitý. Ve všech těchto směrech hypertrofie práva celkovou situaci podstatně zhoršuje. Současně je v mnohých státech (včetně České republiky) spojena s legislativní krizí. Značná část právních předpisů nemá náležitou úroveň, což vede k jejich častým novelizacím a k jejich malé životaschopnosti. Postupně se tak vytrácí úcta k zákonům a právní jistoty, což je zvlášť významné ve světle dávného postulátu „Ubi ius incertum, ibi ius nullum“. Vše nasvědčuje tomu, že hypertrofie práva podstatně snižuje účinnost práva a ohrožuje i samotný právní stát. Podle autora třeba jí čelit především zvyšováním kvality zákonů. Neprávníkům i právníkům vytýká autor dominující názor, že právní úprava je všemocná a že všechny společenské problémy jsou řešitelné právem. Práci v oblasti tvorby zákonů považuje autor za mimořádně významnou, velmi obtížnou, vyžadující zvlášť kvalifikované odborníky a přirovnává ji k práci vědecké.
PL
Symbolicznym przepisom prawa brak klasycznie rozumianej skuteczności; co więcej jednak, prawodawca posługujący się tym instrumentem z tym brakiem efektywności bądź to godzi się lub wręcz obejmuje go swoją intencją. Tego rodzaju przepisy przyjmowane są bądź to dla realizacji niejawnych celów politycznych, bądź też do realizacji jawnych celów, tyle że nie za pomocą wymuszania określonych zachowań, lecz raczej kształtowania w społeczeństwie odpowiednich postaw. Celem opracowania jest przeanalizowanie okoliczności, które mogą prowadzić do przyjmowania symbolicznych aktów prawnych. Dla realizacji tego zadania wybrano dwa przykłady z polskiego prawodawstwa, a następnie dokonano analizy okoliczności ich uchwalenia. W ten sposób wyodrębniono kilka czynników, które mogą uprawdopodobniać fakt, że prawodawca zmierzał do ustanowienia 1) przepisów symbolicznych oraz 2) przepisów symbolicznych mających realizować przede wszystkim niejawne cele polityczne.
EN
Symbolic provisions of law lack effectiveness in the classic sense; moreover, the legislature using this instrument either accepts this lack of effectiveness or even intends it. Such provisions are adopted for the realization of either secret political goals or explicit goals – not by enforcing certain behaviours, but rather by shaping appropriate attitudes in the society. The aim of the study is to analyse the circumstances that may lead to the adoption of symbolic legal instruments. To implement this task, two examples from Polish legislation were selected, and then the circumstances of their adoption were analysed. In this way, several factors have been identified that may justify the fact that the legislature sought to establish: (1) symbolic provisions and (2) symbolic provisions intended primarily to attain secret political goals.
EN
The article undertakes the current and important issue of balancing between the Member States’ obligations to ensure effectiveness of EU law and to respect fundamental rights, taking as an example the ne bis in idem principle, enshrined in Article 50 of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The recent case law of the CJEU in Di Puma, Garlsson and others and Menci is analysed. These rulings exemplify the growing importance of the issue of how to balance the two obligations in a situation when the repression undertaken by a Member State in order to ensure the full effect of EU law may infringe a fundamental right provided for in the Charter. The main objective is thus to formulate proposals on how to balance these interests, as well as to define their consequences for national courts.
EN
Start-up aid seeks facilitate airlines' entry into new regional markets. It is designed as an alternative to a widespread, and combatted by the European Commission, practice of offering advantageous discounts of airport charges and various marketing contracts to air carriers in exchange for entering a given regional market. Start-up aid is designed to be time-limited and once expired, the route is intended to become profitable and thus the operating carrier would be economically incentivised to remain on that market. The research shows that airlines seeking to obtain subsidies are not interesting to remain on the market once state aid expires but are inclined to relocate their operations in order to receive new start-up aid. This brings up the question of how to perceive the effectiveness of start-up aid in the light of the regulatory challenge of using public funds as a stimulus for air routes that intends to be commercially viable.
PL
Pomoc publiczna na otwieranie nowych połączeń lotniczych została zaprojektowana w celu zachęcania przewoźników do wejścia na nowe rynki regionalne stanowiąc alternatywę dla zwalczanej przez Komisję Europejską praktyki zachęcania linii lotniczych preferencyjnymi stawkami opłat lotniskowych i zawieraniem kontraktów marketingowych. W założeniu przyznawana ma być na czas określonym, po upływie, którego subsydiowana operacja ma stać się rentowna i przewoźnik ma być zainteresowany pozostaniem na danym rynku. W praktyce linie lotnicze wykorzystując możliwość zdobycia subsydiowania generalnie nie utrzymują operacji po zakończeniu pomocy, tylko zmieniają siatkę w sposób umożliwiający uzyskanie kolejnych środków pomocowych. To każe postawić pytanie o sposób postrzegania skuteczności pomocy na otwieranie nowych połączeń w kontekście regulacyjnego wyzwania stymulowania docelowo rentownego ruchu lotniczego w zliberalizowanym sektorze za pomocą mechanizmów nakazowych.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.