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EN
The article deals with the particular kind of documentary sources for the history of the Belarusians in the Second Polish Republic – memoirs and diaries. The memoirs of Liudvika Vojcik, Janka Bagdanowič, Marjan Pieciukievič, and also the diaries of Maksim Tank and Piotr Siaŭruk are reviewed. The article concludes that personal writings provide unique information about the Belarusian national movement and the Belarusian press that can be applied in further historical research.
EN
The paper presents selected aspects of the cultural influence of Czech emigra-tion on the intellectual life of the Republic of Poland in the second half of the 16th century and in the early 17th century. The first part discusses the history of the Rybiński family and their literary achievements. The second part is dedi-cated to Jan Łasicki and to his version of the history of the Czech Brethren. Thus, the author of the paper attempts to show – using the examples of phe-nomena connected with the first and second wave of Czech emigration – how the presence of Czech emigrants influenced the Polish genological system of those times.
EN
In the article, the author would like to show the achievements by the Cossack colonel Anton Zhdanovych. He belonged to the Cossack Starshyna (military and administrative governing authority) of the period of Bohdan Khmelnytky’s rise to power and was his trusted commander as well as a diplomat, sent in envoys, among others to Turkey and Moscow. Before that, Zhdanovych had served in the Chyhyryn regiment, so he was well known to Khmelnytsky, who trusted him a lot. The source of the research is the diary and correspondence of the Lithuanian Hetman Janusz Radziwiłł. After Bohdan Khmelnytky’s death, Zhdanovych supported the new hetman Ivan Vyhovski in his anti-Moscow activities, participating in the Battle of Konotop against the forces of Aleksey Trubetskoy. With the fall of the founder of the Treaty of Hadiach, Anton Zhdanovych and other supporters of Ivan Vyhovski were removed from power, forbidden to sit on the council and deprived of the right to receive the office. Hence, he disappears from the group of the Cossack Starshyna in a period of the Ruin.
EN
Letters have always played an important role as means of communication. As a historical source, they convey information about various aspects of life of their period, including both public and private. In this paper, I analyse the methodological principles and possibilities of conducting historical research of early modern aristocratic correspondence. The first part of the study deals with the theoretical questions related to historical letters. The second part verifies the methodological approaches providing examples based on the research of correspondence of the family Koháry from the 17th century, while pointing out the possibilities and limits of interpretation. The aim of the study is not to present the results of complex research, but it rather serves as an analysis of characteristics and distinctiveness of historical letters, and demonstrates some of the methods of scientific approach towards historical correspondence.
EN
This article discusses 487 private letters of a sultan’s painter, Stanisław Chlebowski (1835-1884) to Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and to his family settled in Cracow. The aim of the text is to analyze the linguistic aspect of the correspondence, including particularly the lexis and phraseology, which indicate the characteristics of the work, everyday life and social contacts of the author and the major Polish artists: Juliusz Kossak, Wojciech Kossak, Jan Matejko, Henryk Siemiradzki and Jacek Malczewski.
EN
The article highlights a set of problems of ego-documents (diaries, epistolary, etc. of Ivan Dziuba, Les’ Tanyuk, Ivan Svitlychny, Iryna Zhylenko, Valery Shevchuk, Mykhailyna Kotsyubynska, Svitlana Kyrychenko, etc.) in the discourse of the Ukrainian sixtiers. It is emphasized that these documentary testimonies with a powerful factor of subjective “I” reflect a slice of the era of “liberated freedom”, when the debunking of Stalin’s cult of personality and Khrushchev Thaw led to a new generation of Ukrainian intellectuals, more broadly – of the Ukrainian sixtiers. This was a new stage in the social and socio-cultural transformation of Ukrainian society in the conditions of sub-imperial Ukraine and the attempts of dissidents to free themselves from this enslavement. The open dialogue with a specific addressee or appeals to the addressee of imaginary ego-discourse, the “spiritual situation of the day” is presented because of confession. The period was the middle or second half of the 20th century. The research focus is on the unconquered human self in complex transformational, often borderline (further harassment, arrests, exile) conditions.
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Iwan Bunin a kultura ludowa

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PL
Wbrew powszechnemu przekonaniu, niepozbawionemu wprawdzie racji, o czym świadczą niektóre utwory Bunina i jego egodokumenty, nie ukazywał on chłopów wyłącznie jako zacofanej, pozbawionej cnot moralnych warstwy społecznej, a także nie opierał fabuły utworow tylko na wspomnieniach o przeszłości. W swoich utworach prozaik poruszał aktualne problemy, a także ukazywał rożne elementy kultury ludowej tak duchowej, jak i materialnej.
EN
Contrary to popular belief, which is not deprived of truth as evidenced in some of Bunin’s works and his egodocuments, he did not not present peasants as a backward, devoid of moral virtues social class, and he did not predicate works’ plots on the memories of the past. In his works Bunin touched upon current problems and pointed put the diff erent elements of folk culture both spiritual and material.
EN
Although research on parish clergy has a long tradition, little attention has been paid to the everyday lives of priests, understood as repetitive, regular, and routine practices and experiences. The aim of this article is to discuss the availability and content of materials related to this subject, as well as to encourage historians to share information about any primary sources concerning the lives of pastors and assistant priests. The discussed sources include narrative sources (egodocuments and belles-lettres), ecclesiastical sources (court documentation, wills, protocols of episcopal and deanery visitations, records of deanery congregations, inventories of goods, entry books, registers, and parish chronicles), and secular sources (correspondence, supplications, founding documents, last wills, and financial records).
PL
Badania nad duchowieństwem parafialnym mają długą tradycję, ale dotychczas poświęcono niewiele uwagi życiu codziennemu księży, rozumianemu jako powtarzalne, regularne i rutynowe praktyki i doświadczenia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie dostępności i zawartości materiałów dotyczących tego tematu oraz zachęcenie historyków do dzielenia się informacjami na temat wszelkich źródłowych śladów życia plebanów i wikariuszy. Omówione zostały źródła narracyjne (egodokumenty i literatura piękna), źródła kościelne (dokumentacja sądowa, testamenty, protokoły wizytacji biskupich i dziekańskich, akta kongregacji dekanalnych, inwentarze dóbr, księgi wpisów, metryki i kroniki parafialne) oraz źródła proweniencji świeckiej (korespondencja, supliki, akta fundacyjne, testamenty oraz rachunki).
EN
It is predominantly accepted in the historiography of European medicine that, apart from the differences in education, there was a division of competences between physicians educated at universities and barber-surgeons trained in the guild system in terms of their theoretical background. Regardless of the former stereotypes – dating back to the 19th century – relating to the Church-imposed restrictions in teaching surgery at universities, it is believed that the actual differences in terms of competences must have influenced the scope of the undertaken therapeutic activities. A different education model and the predominance of either theoretical or practical knowledge among representatives of these groups resulted in different treatment methods and a different perception of the causes of the disease. Physicians with mainly theoretical knowledge are often put in opposition to practising barber-surgeons. While it seems that the reluctance to bloody operations (sometimes articulated by the surgeons themselves) was a reason for the limited involvement of physicians in the barber-surgeon practice, it is difficult to clearly indicate the factors that would prevent surgeons from dealing with “non-operational” treatment. The article attempts to answer the question to what extent the then-existing differences in education and legal restrictions influenced the actual division of therapeutic tasks and the functioning of various medical professions as viewed from the patient’s perspective.
Facta Simonidis
|
2023
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1
195-216
EN
The aim of this article is to discuss selected educational trips of the youngest landowners as related in their own memories and personal documents written by their parents. Despite the growing interest in the topic of the landowning class and its journeys, this issue has not been addressed in detail. It is crucial to examine it since such peregrinations were a dominant aspect of education, enabling the travellers to broaden their knowledge of history and geography as well as facilitating their learning of foreign languages. Additionally, this article discusses the benefits the young derived from their peregrinations, and concludes with an analysis of the extent to which such trips influenced their future lives.
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie wybranych peregrynacji edukacyjnych najmłodszych ziemian w świetle ich własnych wspomnień, a także dokumentów osobistych spisywanych przez ich rodziców. Zagadnienie to, pomimo rosnącego zainteresowania tematyką ziemiańską oraz aspektem podróży przedstawicieli tej warstwy, nie doczekało się osobnego omówienia. Pochylenie się nad nim wydaje się istotne ze względu na fakt, że takie peregrynacje stanowiły ważny aspekt kształcenia – umożliwiały one wzbogacanie wiedzy z zakresu historii, geografii, sprzyjały nauce obcych języków. W artykule podjęto także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie korzyści czerpali najmłodsi z peregrynowania. Na zakończenie przeanalizowano, na ile peregrynacje dzieci wpływały na ich dalsze życie.
RU
В данной статье ставится задача рассмотреть феномен первой волны русской эмиграции сквозь призму так называемой личной истории. Антропологический поворот, произошедший во второй половине ХХ века в гуманитарных науках, способствовал росту понимания значимости личности и интереса к культуре повседневности. Важную роль в изучении этих явлений играют эго-документы, благодаря которым мы узнаем одновременно о специфике повседневной жизни русских эмигрантов и неповторимом внутреннем мире личности. Такую возможность дают письма Алексея Гвоздинского Елизавете Миллер, в которых автор запечатлел далеко не гармоничное пребывание в немецкой столице начала 1920-х годов. Русский эмигрант отобразил в своих письмах несколько недель жизни в Берлине, отмеченных главным образом одиночеством, нищетой и затерянностью в недружелюбном, мрачном мегаполисе, в котором - в отличие от Константинополя или Рима (прежних остановок в его эмигрантском пути) - он не сумел увидеть ничего положительного и красивого. На его восприятие города влияли как субъективные факторы, так и стереотипные представления.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu spojrzenie na fenomen pierwszej fali emigracji rosyjskiej przez pryzmat tzw. historii osobistej. Zwrot antropologiczny w naukach humanistycznych, który nastąpił w drugiej połowie XX wieku, przyczynił się do wzrostu zrozumienia znaczenia osoby prywatnej oraz zainteresowania kulturą życia codziennego. Istotną rolę w zgłębianiu tych zjawisk odgrywają egodokumenty, dzięki którym jednocześnie poznajemy specyfikę życia codziennego rosyjskich emigrantów oraz unikalny świat wewnętrzny jednostki. Taką właśnie sposobność dają listy Aleksieja Gwozdinskiego do Jelizawiety Miller, który utrwalił w swojej korespondencji dalekie od harmonijnego trwanie w niemieckiej stolicy początku lat 1920. Rosyjski emigrant spetryfikował w swoich listach kilka tygodni życia w Berlinie, które naznaczone były głównie samotnością, biedą i zagubieniem w nieprzyjaznym, ponurym molochu, w którym - w przeciwieństwie do Konstantynopola czy Rzymu (wcześniejszych przystanków na emigracyjnej drodze) - nie potrafił dostrzec nic pozytywnego i pięknego. Na jego postrzeganie miasta wpływ miały zarówno czynniki subiektywne, jak i stereotypowe wyobrażenia.
EN
This article aims to look at the phenomenon of the first wave of Russian emigration through the prism of the so-called personal history. The anthropological turn in the humanities, which took place in the second half of the 20th century, contributed to an increase in the understanding of the importance of an individual and an interest in the culture of everyday life. Egodocuments play an important role in exploring these phenomena, thanks to which we learn about the specificity of everyday life of Russian emigrants and the unique inner world of an individual. Such an opportunity is offered by Alexei Gvozdinski's letters to Elizaveta Miller, who recorded in his correspondence a far from harmonious existence in the German capital of the early 1920s. The Russian émigré petrified in his letters several weeks of life in Berlin, which were mainly marked by loneliness, poverty and being lost in an unfriendly, gloomy juggernaut, in which - unlike Constantinople or Rome (earlier stops on the émigré road) - he could not see anything positive and beautiful. His perception of the city was influenced by both subjective factors and stereotypical perceptions.
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