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Bogdan Czyżewski, Ojcowie Kościoła o Piśmie Świętym (Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza. Wydział Teologiczny 2020)

100%
Nieścior L.
Verbum Vitae
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2020
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vol. 38
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issue 2
675-677
EN
Bogdan Czyżewski, Ojcowie Kościoła o Piśmie Świętym (Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza. Wydział Teologiczny 2020). Ss. 192, 20 zł.  ISBN 978-83-66399-20-4.
PL
Recenzja książki: Bogdan Czyżewski, Ojcowie Kościoła o Piśmie Świętym (Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza. Wydział Teologiczny 2020). Ss. 192, 20 zł.  ISBN 978-83-66399-20-4.
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"Daj mi usłyszeć twój głos!" Wezwanie do zwiastowania Ewangelii w wybranych alegoriach Pieśni nad Pieśniami

100%
Bardski K.
Verbum Vitae
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2002
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vol. 2
225-241
PL
L’articolo rappresenta il tentativo di un’analisi del testo biblico ispirata alla lettura figurativa e simbolica delle tradizione cristiana. Come punto di partenza abbiamo preso il commento di Alcuino al Cantico dei Cantici. In esso appaiono non poche allegorie, in cui le parole rivolte dallo Sposo alla Sposa sono state interpretate come chiamata di Cristo alla Chiesa affinchè essa intraprenda la missione di annunciare il Vangello su tutta la terra. In conseguenza a tale interpretazione si può formulare una serie di conclusioni di carattere teologico che tracciano una visione complessa e allo stesso tempo attuale di quello che agli occhi di Cristo (secondo la tradizione della Chiesa) è la chiamata all’evangelizzazione.
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"Napoję cię winem korzennym, moszczem z granatów" (Pnp 8,2b). Pragnienie Oblubieńca w świetle starożytnych i średniowiecznych komentarzy do Pieśni nad Pieśniami

75%
Bardski K.
Verbum Vitae
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2004
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vol. 5
145-169
PL
In the tradition of the allegorical interpretation of the Song of Songs the Bridegroom of the Song of Songs represents Christ, meanwhile the bride represents the Church. The verse 8,2 shows us the Bride satiating the thirst of the Bridegroom. In the article we tried to analyze and reflect on the commentaries of the Fathers of the Church and medieval writers to this verse in connection with the charisma of Mother Teresa and the Missionaries of Charity centered on the mystery of Jesus' "I thirst" on the cross. The main streams ofthe Christian tradition interpreted the spiced vine in connection with the love of God and the juice of pomegranates in connection with martyrdom.
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Chrystus jako Zbawiciel w alegoryczno-symbolicznej interpretacji epizodu o uciszeniu burzy (Mt 8,23-27; Mk 4,35-5,1; Łk 8,22-26)

63%
Bardski K.
Verbum Vitae
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2002
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vol. 1
201-226
PL
L'articolo presenta un'approccio sincronico alla pericope della tempesta sedata. Dalla prospettiva della tradizione cristiana, dall'antichit al medioevo, abbiamo cercato di individuare le chiavi di lettura allegorica, secondo le quali i diversi motivi letterari del testo erano interpretati come simboli di altre realt di carattere spirituale. L'ordine dei capitoli seguente: 1. l'analisi dellintreccio narrativo; 2. l'interpretazione allegorico-simbolica della pericope nella tradizione dei Padri e degli scrittori del medioevo; 3. Le prospettive dellinterpretazione allegorico-simbolica trasmessa dalla tradizione; 4. Nuove proposte.
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Grzeszna kobieta (Łk 7, 36-50) jako obraz Kościoła w nauczaniu św. Ambrożego

63%
Kamczyk W.
Vox Patrum
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2017
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vol. 67
177-195
EN
St. Ambrose belongs to these Fathers of the Western Church, who in their thoughts used biblical motifs using the allegorical exegesis. It was of particular significance to him to teach about the Church. While approaching the matter of the Church he referred to an interesting image from the Gospel of St. Luke, relating to a sinful woman who washed and wiped the feet of Jesus in the house of Simon, the Pharisee. In this figure different motifs of contemporary eccesiology are com­bined. The Church stands as one body composed of many members following to­gether to Jesus and bowing in front of him. He is a dispenser of grace. His primary tasks are to glorify the God, transmit the Gospel and the works of mercy.
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Postacie kobiece Starego Testamentu w alegorycznej egzegezie Orygenesa

63%
Szram M.
Vox Patrum
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2016
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vol. 66
39-56
EN
The article systematises the metaphors ascribed by Origen (185-253/254) to the well-known female characters of the Old Testament utilising the method of allegorical exegesis of the text of Scripture. Females appearing on the pages of the historical books of Bible are – according to the Alexandrian – allegories of hu­man virtues or defects. They embody the spiritual warfare between the spirit and the body, between the mind and the feelings. In the collective sense they symbo­lize the synagogue or the church chosen from the Gentiles, and in the individual sense – the human soul in its relation to God. Origen refers to the telling names of women, translating them and embedding into the spiritual context often giving the several different allegorical meanings to the same biblical person. Despite the often-quoted in his writings beliefs characteristic to the ancient world, procla­iming that the woman is a symbol of bodily feelings and the man – a symbol of the intellectual abilities, majority of allegorical interpretations relating to the Old Testament women indicates a personification of the virtues worthy of imitation. This phenomenon is conditioned with the meaning of the names of those persons and the role attributed to them by the biblical authors, but Origen’s interpretations are original and based on his own concept of spiritual life. They deny opinions of misogyny of Origen and the early Christian writers in general.
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Ślady egzegezy Filona Aleksandryjskiego w "De monastica exercitatione" Nila z Ancyry

63%
Nieścior L.
Vox Patrum
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2018
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vol. 70
25-44
EN
We encounter in the Nil of Ancyra’s writing De monastica exercitatione at least a dozen instances of the allegorical interpretation of certain places in the Old Testament, where Nil of Ancyra’s exegesis seems to refer to the Philo of Alexandria’s interpretation. In a few places there are significant differences in interpretation, but Nil decisively continues or repeats exegetical ideas of Philo. In two cases, in a longer allegory about Joseph who seeks his brothers and about the ritual washing of the sacrificial calf (De monastica exercitatione 44-45 and 56), the dependence on Philo becomes verbal. The borrowings come most often from Legum allegoriarum libri, which seem to be especially close to Nil. However, the traces of Philo’s exegesis from other writings of the Alexandrian seem to show a wider knowledge of his works by the monk of Ancyra. There is a probability of indirect borrowing and indirect knowledge of Philo’s exegesis by Nil, by other authors, but we find no evidence of such medium. However, for example, Origen’s relationship with Philo in the exegesis of the concerned places is quite loose and does not give grounds for the seeking such medium. The Philo’s ascetic orientation to exegesis, his connection to Greek ethical philosophy, willingness to use the biblical allegory, these and other factors may have influenced Nil to seek inspiration by the Jewish philosopher. The predicted borrowings had also their consequences. The copying Philonian thought led to take over the ideas borrowed by others, including the elements of Platonism and Stoicism.
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Obraz heretyków w „Moralia in Iob” Grzegorza Wielkiego

51%
Szram M.
Vox Patrum
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2019
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vol. 71
475-500
EN
One of the key themes of the Moralia in Iob, or Gregory the Great’s commentary to the Book of Job, is the allegorical interpretation of Job’s three friends as heretics. Herewith the image of the heretics emerging from this work is not a historical presentation. Rather, it is a strongly rhetorical critical assessment of the phenomenon of heresy, enriched with analyzes and recommendations of a moral-spiritual nature. He addressed the issue of heresy for the most part due to apologetic motives, aiming at defending the orthodox faith. The image of the heretic has been strongly subdued to the process of rethoricization for this purpose. Frequent use of invective went hand in hand with a high degree of generality in the presentation of the personality and mode of operation of heretics. Gregory the Great hardly ever referred to specific figures of heretics and these were usually people of the past era, mainly the inventors of the great errors from the IVth and Vth centuries, like Arius or Eutyches. The portrayal of heretics as people characterized mainly by three vices – pride, hypocrisy and stupidity – assumes in Moralia a form of a topos, or a repetitive motif on a literary basis, appearing in the majority of early Christian anti-heretic texts. Admittedly, the most unique element in Gregory’s exegesis is the connection of the heretics’ traits of personality to the majority of the statements appearing in the book of Job. Only some of these allegories find their parallels in commentary on the book of Job attributed to Hieronim’s student, Philip Presbyter, whose work was most probably known to the Pope. Surely, Gregory encountered during his ministry the remainders of such earlier heresies as Arianism or Donatism, which could have led him to a wider reflection on the activities of heretics. However, it raises the question why in the late Christian antiquity, when the time for the emergence of great heretical movements passed, the critique of the heresy phenomenon became the main subject of the spiritual exegesis of the Book of Job.
PL
Jednym z głównych wątków tematycznych Moraliów, czyli komentarza Grzegorza Wielkiego do Księgi Hioba jest interpretacja trzech przyjaciół Hioba jako heretyków. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia obraz środowiska heretyków wyłaniający się z dzieła Grzegorza. Nie ma on charakteru prezentacji historycznej. Jest to silnie zretoryzowana krytyczna ocena zjawiska herezji, wzbogacona o analizy i zalecenia o charakterze moralno-duchowym. Problematykę herezji Grzegorz poruszał przede wszystkim z pobudek apologetycznych, mających na celu obronę ortodoksyjnej wiary. Obraz heretyka został w tym celu silnie zretoryzowany. Częste stosowanie inwektywy szło w parze z dużym stopniem ogólności w przedstawianiu osobowości i sposobu działania heretyków. Grzegorz bardzo rzadko odwoływał się do konkretnych postaci heretyków i zazwyczaj były to osoby z epoki minionej, głównie wielcy błędnowiercy IV i V wieku, jak Ariusz czy Eutyches. Charakterystyka heretyków jako ludzi odznaczających się głównie trzema wadami – pychą, obłudą i głupotą – przybiera w Moraliach formę toposu, czyli motywu literackiego, pojawiającego się w większości wczesnochrześcijańskich tekstów antyheretyckich. Najbardziej oryginalnym elementem w sposobie prezentacji heretyków przez Grzegorza było powiązanie z ich cechami osobowościowymi większości wypowiedzi pojawiających się w księdze Hioba. Tylko niektóre z tych alegorii znajdują swoje paralele w przypisywanym uczniowi Hieronima, Filipowi Prezbiterowi, komentarzu do księgi Hioba, który najprawdopodobniej był znany papieżowi. Grzegorz zetknął się z pewnością w swojej posłudze z pozostałościami takich wcześniejszych herezji jak arianizm czy donatyzm, co mogło go skłaniać do szerszej  refleksji na temat dzialalności heretyków. Budzi jednak zastanowienie, dlaczego w epoce późnego antyku chrześcijańskiego, gdy minął czas powstawania wielkich ruchów heretyckich, właśnie krytyka fenomenu herezji stała się głównym przedmiotem duchowej egzegezy Księgi Hioba.
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„Bestiariusz niewiary”. Ludzie oddaleni od Boga w nauczaniu św. Hilarego z Poitiers

51%
Karczewska H.
Vox Patrum
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2013
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vol. 59
225-239
EN
Bishop of Poitiers, referring to the allegorical interpretation of Scripture, makes the characteristics of people away from God through unbelief. Comparing them to beasts, Hilary creates an unique „bestiary of disbelief”. Bishop of Poitiers shows the catalogue of beasts and gives them a symbolic significance which re­veals the nature of opponents of the Church. In the allegorical world of beasts many animals can be found: foxes mean false prophets, ravens – sinners and cattle as a symbol of heathen. In general Bishop of Poitiers indicates symbol of serpent as heretics who reject the gift of faith in Christ and contempt the doctrine of the Church. In Hilary’s works a lot of helpful directions for believers are given. Bishop focuses on gaining spiritual knowledge and proclamation of the Gospel.
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