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Eklektyzm organizacyjny

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EN
This article discusses how modern individuals aspire to fully express themselves, their emotions, cultivate their passions, and explore their spiritual dimension. This, in turn, influences the structure of contemporary organizations, which are more eclectic than homogeneous.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł traktuje o tym, że współczesny człowiek pragnie w pełni wyrażać siebie, swoje emocje, rozwijać swoje pasje, odkrywać siebie w wymiarze duchowym, a to z kolei przekłada się na kształt dzisiejszych organizacji, które są bardziej eklektycznie niż jednorodne.
EN
The purpose of the article is to prove that The Magus, despite being quite traditional in its form, has a lot of features of a postmodernist novel. The author begins with explaining the term postmodernism and the most characteristic features of a postmodernist novel. These features include such phenomena as intertextuality, metafiction and eclectism which manifests itself, among others, in generic syncretism. The novel makes use of intertextuality, as it refers to a great number of various texts. One of its major themes is fiction itself, which makes the novel an example of metafiction. It also blends elements of a few different genres, such as romance (chivalric, pastoral and picaresque), Bildungsroman, detective story, autobiography and masque.
EN
Neo-modernism, as both a philosophical and an architectural current, evolved as a critical response to postmodernism, the movement described by Agnes Heller as “neither conservative, nor revolutionary, nor progressive”. At the same time, neo-modernism adopted some post-modernist assumptions, resulting from the criticism of the modernist movement. Rem Koolhaas emphasized that although contemporary architecture is clearly inspired by modernist aesthetics, it has little in common with the two major attributes of the modern movement – opposition towards context and towards history. Thus, neo-modernism can be described as “unmodern modernity”. According to Jürgen Habermas, being modern is closely related to being free of external axioms. Neo-modernism appears rather to be another form of eclecticism or “a strategy without an aim”, than a new modern movement.
PL
Neomodernizm, zarówno jako kierunek filozoficzny, jak i nurt w architekturze, zrodził się jako krytyczna odpowiedź na postmodernizm, zdefiniowany jako ruch nadmiernie pluralistyczny, który sam w sobie nie jest „ani konserwatywny, ani rewolucyjny, ani postępowy”. Jednocześnie przyjął niektóre z postmodernistycznych założeń wynikających bezpośrednio z krytyki ruchu nowoczesnego. Rem Koolhaas słusznie zwracał uwagę, że współcześni architekci chętnie sięgają ku modernistycznym wzorcom zapominając jednocześnie o dwóch immanentnych cechach ruchu nowoczesnego w architekturze – akonstektualności i ahistoryczności. Neomodernizm może zatem być określony mianem „nienowoczesnej nowoczesności”. Zgodnie z koncepcją Jurgena Habermasa, bycie nowoczesnym jest ściśle związane z odrzuceniem zewnętrznych pewników. Neomodernizm jawi się raczej jako kolejne oblicze eklektyzmu, „strategia bez ostatecznego celu”, niż nowy ruch nowoczesny.
4
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EN
The aim of this paper is to explore some of the meanings of frequently underestimated and misunderstood topic of eclecticism. In doing so, we would like to ask how the phenomenon of eclecticism was perceived in the past and whether it is correct to regard it as something more than just an abstract notion, namely: as a philosophical mindset and particular approach to life in general. The text is divided into two parts. The first one contains an outline of the history of eclecticism, understood as a notion and a kind of attitude. It is shown that, among others, it was thanks to the eclectic approach that emerging Christian civilisation would open itself to the heritage of the classical era; late antiquity and the Renaissance, both having produced ideas of religious humanism, are also indicated as the most eclecticism-related epochs. The second part aims at describing the phenomenon of eclecticism as, unlike syncretism, depending on a selection of elements rather than combining them together. It is presented as a way of philosophising and thus as a way of being, potentially creative and open to different viewpoints, yet, unlike skepticism, committed to the truth. All in all, the paper shall be perceived as a praise of eclecticism, assuming that it deserves far more appreciation and scholarly attention than has been given to it thus far.
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