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EN
Ecocriticism is a relatively new, important and rapidly developing field of study of works of art, focusing on the relationship between literature and the environment. From its initial focus on non-fiction depictions of nature (in “nature writing”), it has expanded its attention during its second generation to include all types of environmental representation in literature and media in general. Far from being a purely evaluative or even ideological method, ecocriticism explores representations of the relationship between nature and culture, reflects on the interconnection between environmental and social themes and analyses innovative narrative strategies that seek to address complex issues. Following an introductory characterization and an overview of the development of ecocriticism, this study will focus on seven contemporary Czech novels dealing with environmental issues.
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EN
The essay poses a question about the cultural representation of mountains and minerals in the Islamic tradition. Drawing on the most basic resource of the Qur’anic text, it observes that stones, mountains and other elements of the subterranean world acquire a positive value in the Islamic cosmological outlook, being a part of the well-ordered and beneficial natural phenomena and even playing a role of ethical companionship to man. In parallel, mountaintops and the stone structure of the Ka‘ba are shown to play a central ordering role in the structure of the religious time-space. The positive and significant representation of stones and mountains, which stands partly in contrast to the European culture, is tentatively ascribed both to the specific natural conditions of the Arabian milieu of Muhammad’ s prophethood and the religious legacies of the pre-Islamic era.
EN
The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive view of ecocriticism, utilizing the metaphor of waves to depict its development and reflect on changes in its key concepts, milestones and methodological approaches. This relatively young, interdisciplinary discipline enhances literary research by seeking to understand the complex relationship between literature, nature and the environment. It transforms ways of reading literary texts by setting them in environmental contexts, addressing their ecological dimension, exploring and subverting dualism.
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