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EN
The aim of the paper is to analyse the legal position of the Central Electoral Commission in the electoral law of the Republic of Lithuania. The considerations focus, firstly, on defining the status of this body, and secondly, on identifying the tasks imposed by the legislator on the CEC. In the second case, the analysis focuses only on the general outline of the Commission’s tasks, as their detailed analysis would require the preparation of a separate study. The analysis also aimes at verifying whether the Lithuanian legislator, when shaping the regulations concerning the Commission, took into account the European standards for the organisation and functioning of central electoral bodies, as defined by the Venice Commission. On the basis of the conducted research work, an attempt was made to determine to which of the electoral administration models the Lithuanian model should be included, taking into account the location and tasks of the CEC. It should be added that the analysis of the above issues seems justified, as so far this issue has not been comprehensively discussed in the Polish legal or political science literature, and moreover, it has rarely been discussed in the Lithuanian literature. In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the formal and legal method was used and the doctrinal work was analysed. In addition, a comparative legal method was used to show the differences and similarities between the central authorities of other countries, and an empirical method was used to outline the practical aspects of the functioning of the CEC.
PL
W skali ogólnoświatowej funkcjonują trzy główne modele administracji wyborczej: 1) model instytucji niezależnej od administracji rządowej i dysponującej własnym budżetem; 2) model mieszany – z reguły opiera się na istnieniu podwójnej struktury organów wyborczych. Z jednej strony funkcjonuje niezależna od rządu władza wyborcza o kompetencjach nadzorczych czy quasi-sądowych, a z drugiej – większość czynności technicznych związanych z organizacją i przeprowadzeniem głosowania wykonują organy administracji rządowej; oraz 3) model rządowej administracji wyborczej – podstawową cechą jest powierzenie zadań z zakresu organizacji wyborów organowi administracji rządowej. Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza wpisuje się w model administracji niezależnej, ale oprócz zadań związanych bezpośrednio z zarządzaniem wyborami, posiada też dodatkowe kompetencje, m.in. kontrola finansów partii politycznych oraz informowanie obywateli o wyborach. Może to osłabiać zdolność tej instytucji do wykonywania jej zasadniczej misji.
EN
There are three main models of electoral administration: 1) body independent from government and with its own budget, 2) a mixed model - usually based on the existence of the dual structure of the electoral authorities. On the one hand, there is an independent electoral body responsible for supervision over the elections, on the other hand − the majority of operational activities associated with organizing and conducting voting is under competences of government, and 3) the governmental electoral administration. The National Electoral Commission in Poland operates in line with the model of an independent electoral management body, yet in addition to tasks directly related to the management of the election it has additional powers, including financial control of political parties and informing citizens about the election. This may weaken the ability of this institution to carry out its core mission.
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