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Przestępczość przeciwko wyborom i referendum w Polsce w latach 1999–2019

100%
Dajnowicz-Piesiecka D.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2022
|
issue 2(169)
9-38
EN
The article deals with legal aspects of crime against elections and referendum and its selected criminal symptoms. The legislator has defined crimes of this kind in two legal acts: the Criminal Code of 1997 (Articles 248–251) and the Electoral Code of 2011 (Articles 497–497a, 500–510 and 513c). Crimes against elections and referendum include, among others, violation of the freedom to vote, electoral bribery, violation of the secrecy of the ballot, collection of signatures of support in the form of pressure, in unauthorised places and for advantage, possession of the ballot outside the polling station or lack of openness and transparency of the financial management of the electoral committee. Although the Penal Code contains fewer offenses against elections than the Election Code, the behaviours included therein were committed more often (they constituted 3/4 of election crimes in Poland). The stated election crimes have intensified in recent years and are characterised by an upward trend. Elections are therefore for some a realisation of fundamental civic rights, and for others, unfortunately, a field for abuse to achieve electoral success (one’s own or that of a political favorite). The research results presented in this article justify the need to deepen scientific research, especially on criminogenic factors of electoral crime.
2
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Pojęcie organizacji społecznej w rozumieniu przepisów Kodeksu wyborczego

63%
Skawiński F.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
|
2024
|
issue 1(77)
53-65
PL
Pojęcie organizacji społecznej pojawia się w kodeksie wyborczym jako jeden z podmiotów uprawnionych do tworzenia komitetów wyborczych w wyborach samorządowych, choć nie zostało ono dokładniej zdefiniowane. Celem artykułu jest bliższa analiza tegoż pojęcia i określenie cech organizacji społecznej na gruncie orzecznictwa i poglądów doktryny z zakresu prawa konstytucyjnego oraz innych gałęzi prawa, w szczególności prawa administracyjnego. W wyniku przeprowadzonej rozważań określone zostały istotne cechy omawianych organizacji, a konkretnie uregulowany status prawny, trwałość, prowadzenie działalności w interesie społecznym oraz podstawowy cel inny niż prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej. Podkreślono także, że pozbawione znaczenia są niektóre cechy wskazywane do tej pory w doktrynie, jak chociażby substrat osobowy czy zrzeszanie wyłącznie osób fizycznych.
EN
The concept of “community organization” appears in the election code as one of the entities authorized to create election committees in local elections, although it has not been precisely defined. The aim of the article is to analyze this concept more closely and to determine the characteristics of a community organization based on the jurisprudence and doctrinal views in the field of constitutional law and other branches of law, particularly administrative law. As a result of the considerations carried out, significant features of the discussed organizations have been defined, including a regulated legal status, perdurance, conducting activities in the social interest, and a fundamental purpose other than conducting economic activities. It was also highlighted that some features previously indicated in the doctrine, such as the personal substrate or the association of individuals only, are of no significance.
3
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Prawne i praktyczne zagadnienia finansowania kampanii wyborczej w wyborach prezydenckich w Polsce w latach 2010 i 2015

51%
Gąsior T.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2016
|
issue 6(137)
25-63
EN
The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the issues that pertain to the fi nancing of election campaigns during the election of the President of the Republic of Poland, which are important for the democratic rule of law, but rarely addressed by academic writers. It is nowadays inconceivable to conduct an election campaign without adequate fi nancial resources. Under Polish law, open and transparent fi nancing of an election campaign is aimed not only at ensuring a fair and competitive election, but also affects the legitimacy of the elected authorities. The article provides a theoretical and practical analysis of, primarily, election campaigns preceding the elections of 2010 and 2015. To give a more comprehensive insight into the discussed issues and to show some dynamics of the financing of presidential election campaigns, the results of this analysis have been compared with the data on all the previous presidential elections held in Poland after 1990.
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