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EN
The article concerns the analysis of procedures connected with election petitions in Poland on the basis of the constituencies under the jurisdiction of the District Court in Toruń. It should be mentioned, however, that research is currently being conducted in other courts, which even at the preliminary stage appears to corroborate the results of the analysis presented in the article. The research focuses on the guarantees of the efficiency of the electoral petition in Poland. The election petition is the most important instrument which is available to verify the validity of elections. The Constitution does not regulate this matter, entrusting the legislator with this task. The possibility of submitting an election petition implements the principle of the external judicial review of the progress of an election or referendum, which can be initiated upon the request of a legal entity entitled to submit the petition. Considering the role of the petition proceedings as well as the values which remain protected within the procedure of settlement, the legislator should demonstrate the utmost care to increase their efficiency. However, the regulations concerning election petitions are scattered around the whole Electoral Code. Furthermore, for an election petition to be justified, there must be a cause-effect link between the law violation and the results of an election, with the burden of proof placed on the petitioner. The overall result is that in judicial practice only in few cases have grievances in election petitions been considered justified.
EN
The purpose of the article is to analyze the verification of the validity of elections in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The choice of this country is not accidental. It is the first country in which judicial review of elections appeared, and the rules introduced in the 19th century remain in force almost unchanged to this day. The main thesis of the article is that the rules in force in the United Kingdom for determining the validity of elections are incompatible with international standards. In order to verify this thesis, an attempt is made to indicate the weaknesses of the current legal solutions for verifying the validity of elections. The paper is based on the analysis of the British scientific literature and reports of the Law Commissions, the Electoral Commission and international organizations.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza weryfikacji ważności wyborów w Zjednoczonym Królestwie Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii Północnej. Wybór tego państwa nie jest przypadkowy. Jest to bowiem pierwsze państwo, w którym pojawiła się sądowa kontrola wyborów, a przepisy wprowadzone w XIX w. w niezmienionym niemal brzmieniu obowiązują do dnia dzisiejszego. Główna teza artykułu jest taka, że obowiązujące w Zjednoczonym Królestwie przepisy dotyczące stwierdzania ważności wyborów są niezgodne ze standardami międzynarodowymi. W celu weryfikacji tej tezy podjęto próbę wskazania słabych punktów obecnie obowiązujących rozwiązań prawnych dotyczących weryfikacji ważności wyborów. Praca powstała na podstawie analizy brytyjskiej literatury naukowej oraz raportów Brytyjskich Komisji Prawnych, Komisji Wyborczej i organizacji międzynarodowych.
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