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1

„Substitute Candidate” in Polish Campaign Practice

100%

Kolczyński M.

Political Preferences

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2015

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issue 11

19-33

EN

The article deals with an interesting - from the marketing perspective – form of electoral rivalry, realised with the participation of politicians described as the “substitute candidates”. It was taken into consideration that while discussing the issue of “substitute candidate” it is necessary to settle two key questions: which politicians and based on what criteria could be classified as such candidates and what strategic grounds convince rivalry subjects to choose such campaign option. Assuming that the notion “substitute candidate” could be analysed from at least two different points of view: actual substitution or apparent substitution, some issues of creating the electoral campaign and realising the campaign with the participation of “substitute candidate” can be pointed out: from the candidate selection stage, through the stage of creating and developing the candidate’s image, to the stage of implementing project. Moreover, some conclusions from the electoral campaign preceding the presidential elections in Katowice were presented.

2

Октябристы и правые на выборах во II Государственную думу Российской империи: попытка электорального союза

75%

Patrikeeva O.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2017

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vol. 2

47-55

EN

A Majority system of elections to the State Duma of the Russian Empire pushed the political parties participating in election campaigns to the conclusion of electoral blocs and agreements. The purpose of this article is to find out whether the generated block of Octobrists and reactionaries in the elections in the II State Duma? Compromised if the leadership of the “Soyuz 17 oktyabrya” the pre-election agreement with such odious political force? The methodological basis of this work was the principles of historicism, scientific credibility and objectivity, as well as traditional methods of historical research: problem-chronological, comparative. Based on the analysis of preserved in the archives of the party’s correspondence and also periodicals of the time the author comes to the conclusion that the election agreement of the “Soyuz 17 oktyabrya” with the right-wing political parties did not take place. The reason is the difference in the views of the moderate and far-right politicians to solve the “Jewish question” in Russia in the early twentieth century.

3

Prezydencki i parlamentarny style kampanii wyborczej

51%

Peszyński W.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

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2018

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vol. 10(46)

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issue 3

143-162

PL

Artykuł jest próbą zaprezentowania propozycji modeli kampanii wyborczej – prezydenckiego i parlamentarnego. W języku publicystycznym, a nawet naukowym często używa się terminów „marketing prezydencki” czy „marketing parlamentarny”, ale w zasobach książkowych i w artykułach naukowych wyraźnie brakuje szerszego namysłu teoretycznego nad tymi kategoriami. Niniejszy tekst w żadnym miejscu nie aspiruje do tego, aby stworzyć jedyną i powszechnie obowiązującą koncepcję. Zamierzeniem autora jest ukazanie własnej propozycji i poddanie jej naukowej dyskusji. Punkt wyjścia do zbudowania niniejszej propozycji stanowiły najbardziej powszechne w światowej literaturze koncepcje („kandydata w kampanii wyborczej”, „wszechstronnego marketingu politycznego”, „ewolucji kampanii wyborczych” oraz „koncepcja współczesnych modeli kampanii wyborczych”), ale bazowano przede wszystkim na propozycji Marka Jezińskiego, który kilkanaście lat temu przedstawił modelowe ujęcia kampanii prezydenckiej, parlamentarnej i samorządowej. Dychotomię „model prezydencki” – „model parlamentarny” oparto na następujących kryteriach: (1) uwarunkowania ustrojowe, (2) cele wyborów i sposoby wyłaniania zwycięzców (3) nominacje kandydatów, (4) główny produkt kampanii, (5) strategia wyborcza oraz (6) relacjonowanie kampanii przez środki społecznego przekazu.

EN

The article is an attempt to present proposals for two election campaign models – presidential and parliamentary. In the journalistic and political science language, the terms ‘presidential marketing’ and ‘parliamentary marketing’ are frequently used, but literature and scientific articles lack wider theoretical reflection on these categories. This text in no place aspires to create the only and universally applicable concept. The author’s intention is to present his own proposal and subject it to scientific discussion. The starting point for building this proposal were the most common concepts in the world literature (‘candidate in the election campaign’, ‘comprehensive political marketing’, ‘evolution of election campaigns’ and ‘concept of contemporary election campaign models’), but mainly based on the proposal of Marek Jeziński, who over dozen years ago presented models shots of the presidential, parliamentary and self-governmental campaign. The “presidential model” dichotomy – the “parliamentary model” is based on the following criteria: (1) political system conditions, (2) election aim and winner issue (3) nominations of candidates, (4) main campaign product, (5) electoral strategy and (6) the presentation of the campaign in mass media.

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1 Political Preferences

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1 Kolczyński M.

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„Substitute Candidate” in Polish Campaign Practice

Октябристы и правые на выборах во II Государственную думу Российской империи: попытка электорального союза

Prezydencki i parlamentarny style kampanii wyborczej