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EN
This paper includes an analysis of the substantive conditions for the authorization to serve a punishment of deprivation of liberty in the electronic surveillance system. Then those are compared to the conditions for granting of conditional release. As a result of this analysis and comparison conclusions are formulated, concerning the influence of serving the punishment in the electronic surveillance system on the decision about granting of conditional release.
EN
Numerous changes introduced within the criminal law have had a significant impact on the final model of the penalty of restriction of liberty. The measures adopted in 2015, following the general reform of the criminal law, have turned out to be rather ineffective. Thus, certain steps have been taken to re-model the penalty of restriction of liberty, which, to a large extent meant returning to previous solutions. This paper is primarily focused on analysing subsequent amendments within the substantive criminal law related to the penalty of restriction of liberty, with particular focus on the amendments introduced in 2016.
EN
In 2016, while testifying before a UK parliamentary committee, William Binney, former technical director of the US National Security Agency, stated that by implementing bulk surveillance programmes, “your government and my government has permitted what terrorists have wanted all along but could never achieve. That is to cause us to restrict our freedoms while also tripping up our efforts to stop them”.Despite the passage of years, controversy about the proportionality of the use of surveillance programmes involving indiscriminate and bulk data collection continues unabated. There are numerous arguments that such measures should not be used in democratic states. Despite the recurring reports of abuse and questionable usefulness of such solutions, there is also no shortage of arguments put forward by proponents of the use of untargeted measures proving the need (or even necessity) for their use for public security purposes.The issue presented here is also the subject of ongoing interest on the part of legislators and the judiciary. The article aims to provide an overview of the evolution of the ECtHR’s position on the use of electronic surveillance, in particular its untargeted forms. However, the article is intended not only to recapitulate the reasoning as set out in recent case law – including the 2021 judgments of the Grand Chamber in Big Brother Watch et al. v. United Kingdom and Centrum för rättvisa v Sweden – but also to prompt further discussion on the relevance of the Court’s position as set out in relation to the most important legal issues relating to mass surveillance. It is the author’s intention that in this way it will be possible to answer the question of whether the current standard set by the ECtHR can be considered sufficient to protect against the risk associated with the spread of modern surveillance measures and their increasing use by public authorities.
EN
The Act on the Amendments to the Penal Code and some other Acts of 20 February 2015 modified many regulations concerning the structure and the way of executing penalties, including the restriction of liberty. In this paper, the reasons for the implementation of an order requiring a person to remain within their home or stay at the restriction place, being electronically monitored, are presented and assessed. This is followed by the assessment of the provisions of the Executive Penal Code governing this form of punishment, which was briefly available under Polish criminal law. The author presents the reasons why a restriction of liberty order had been introduced in the first place and then abolished by the Act Amending the Executive Penal Code of 11 March 2016 and offers his own explanation of this. He also examines whether the amendment of February 2015 was a right decision and presents his own views, concluding with some de lege ferenda points regarding the possibility of re-introducing the order of the restriction of liability, but with certain amendments pertaining to the detailed execution of this order.
PL
Ustawa z 20 lutego 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks karny i niektórych innych ustaw (Dz. U. poz. 396) wprowadziła liczne zmiany w przepisach dotyczących struktury oraz wykonywania kar, m.in. reformując sposób wykonywania kary ograniczenia wolności. W publikacji autor przedstawił powody wprowadzenia obowiązku pozostawania w miejscu stałego pobytu lub w innym wyznaczonym miejscu z zastosowaniem systemu dozoru elektronicznego jako jednej z form kary ograniczenia wolności, dokonał oceny tej, niestety krótko obowiązującej, zmiany w polskim prawie karnym. Autor omówił również pokrótce przepisy Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego, które regulowały dokładnie sposób wykonywania kary ograniczenia wolności w formie stanowiącej przedmiot publikacji, a także zaprezentował przyczyny cofnięcia tej części reformy ustawą z 11 marca 2016 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks karny i ustawy – Kodeks karny wykonawczy (Dz. U. poz. 428). Podjął też próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy przywrócenie dozoru elektronicznego jako systemu wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności było słuszne. Autor zaproponował też uwagi de lege ferenda odnośnie do przywrócenia usuniętej ustawą z 11 marca 2016 r. omawianej formy kary ograniczenia wolności z pewnymi zmianami co do szczegółów dotyczących sposobu jej wykonywania, które powinny znaleźć się w Kodeksie karnym wykonawczym.
PL
Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest syntetyczna analiza problematyki związanej z karą pozbawienia wolności. Kara ta jest jedną z najstarszych, o dość skostniałym kształcie. Pod jej adresem podnoszonych jest natomiast szereg zastrzeżeń, dostrzeganych nie tylko przez pryzmat kosztów, jakie wiążą się z jej wykonaniem, lecz także przez pryzmat funkcji, jakie kara ma pełnić wobec skazanego. Powstaje zatem pytanie, czy jest w obecnej polityce karnej alternatywa dla tego rodzaju kary? Autorzy próbują odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, a równocześnie przedstawić istniejący stan prawny i wysuwane w doktrynie propozycje jego modyfikacji.
EN
The main aim of this article is to provide a synthetic analysis of the problems associated with custodial sentences. This is one of the oldest types of sentence, and it has a fairly ossified structure. It is, however, subject to a number of objections, perceived not only in terms of the costs related to its implementation, but also in terms of the purpose that the sentence is meant to serve in relation to the convicted individual. This raises the question – is there an alternative for this kind of sentence within current criminal policy? The authors attempt to provide an answer to this question, while simultaneously presenting the existing state of the law and proposals offered within the doctrine for its modification.
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