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EN
The article is an introduction to the issue of Polish literature written in Germany after 1989. The first part of the work focuses around the current literary discussions on defining and developing the terminology and methods enabling research into this new literature – written abroad after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Post­-emigration literature, migration literature, minority literature, multi­-, inter­-, trans­-cultural and diasporic literature – these are only a few of the suggested terms. The second part of the article refers to the works of selected representatives of Polish literature written after 1989 and the issues they discuss in their works. The purpose of the article is to briefly present the complexity of an important problem in the views of Polish, German and Slavic philologists. At the same time, it aims to show that study of the phenomenon in question is still insufficient.
EN
Miłosz’s volume Światło dzienne (Daylight, 1953) is conventionally read by critics as political poetry deeply engaged with history. The article offers a corrective to this traditional reading by interpreting the volume as interplay of European and American influences. As a European poet, Miłosz had experienced the violent demise of ideals at the foundation of the Old World. Światło dzienne is, therefore, at one level, an elegiac volume in which both persons and ideas are mourned. On the other hand, to the extent that America continues for Miłosz the noble ideas abandoned in Europe, he cannot accept what he regards as their misguided or perverse incarnations. This explains the emotional climate of the whole volume, with its dominant mood of disappointment, anger and refusal of reconciliation. Światło dzienne is American in its outlook in taking seriously America’s status as a superpower and its influence on the future direction of global history. It is anti-American, however, in identifying America’s perceived failures to live up to the post-war challenge for human civilization in general and the consequent dangers. The article intends to assess Miłosz’s debt to English-language poetry in this volume in light of his personal notes from his reading and translation work at the time.
EN
The article is devoted to Polish emigrants’ correspondence after the Second World War. The author indicates the lack of research on emigration epistolography although emigration letters are successively published. He also points to the most important areas of emigration correspondence research based on papers by Brigitte Diaz and by Paweł Rodak. First of all the author devotes attention to the textuality of these letters because in his opinion the most important function of these letters is a preservation of language outside of the country.
EN
Czesław Miłosz’s poetry displays two reverberating topics which may be defined as two contradictory existence and world experiences. One of those is admiration for the beauty of the world and awe consequent upon capturing the simultaneous existence of individual entities (Awe), whilst the other is the topic of lack of fulfilment, torment, the feeling of lack of authenticity, blame, and shame (This). Miłosz depicts his “I” (represented by various personae), split between individual consciousness, a strong sense of individuality, distinct from the commune of ordinary people (a strand salient in the pre-war volume Three Winters), as well as nurturing a feeling of strong bonds with the society. The poet’s self-reflection holds for both topics, while the autobiographic discourse is orientated to the questions about the functions of poetic language and about the status and sense of poetry, thereby addressing self-topicality.
EN
The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the emigration experiences of the main characters in Jozefa Radzymińska’s poem Opowieść o cudzoziemcach and to identify points of contact with the biography of the writer herself, who lived in Argentina for fourteen years after World War II. Radzymińska described the influence of great historical processes on the lives of individuals, she reflected in the work the stages of becoming an emigrant (i.e. shock, suffering, struggling with reality, stabilization), and she referred to her own experiences, which is confirmed in her reminiscence works. Opowieść o cudzoziemcach belongs to a circle of literature that preserves the history of Polish exile. The autobiographical motifs present in the poem, as well as the combination of the individual perspective with the collective experience, allowed the writer to reflect not only the realities faced by Polish emigrants, but above all to draw a portrait of their souls torn by a longing for their homeland.
XX
The author of the article, Walentyna Sobol, analyzes documentary and literary books from Morocco and two émigré writers about Morocco. These are “Spells of Morocco” – the Ukrainian forgotten author Sofia Jabłońska (1907–1971) and “Moon in Tears” – contemporary writer Morocco Ouard Saillo, born in Morocco in 1974. Ouardy Saillo’s book, decorated with photos of the Saillo family, was written in German. For the first time is published in Polish translated by Barbara Otwinowska (published in 2005 in Warsaw). In 2018, in Kiev were published 107 photographs of Sofia Jabłońska from her times of work and travel around the world, including Morocco. The goal of the article is to reveal the phenomenon of persistence and bravery of both writers, different, but sometimes very similar intertextuality . The narrative of the documents is examined using a methodological approach, especially in terms of: “intertextuality is a study of the memory of literature” (Tadeusz Sławek). Using modern research in anthropology, including the lexicon of the culture of memory “Modi memorandi”, the author of the article investigates the phenomenon of intertextuality in the narratives of Jabłońska and Saillo. This comparative study of the autobiographical works of Ukrainian and Moroccan writers in Poland not only reveals the conclusions, but also opens wide research perspectives.
EN
The aim of this paper is to distinguish an important trend of memoir literaturę in the Polish emigration prose. The trend of „returning to small homelands”, very important in the post-war Polish literature, resulted in many memoirs. The most important works were devoted to the lands of Ukraina and Belarusia. However, memories and novels devoted to life in the Belorussian territories usually are included in the Lithuanian trend because of their historic affiliation to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The presented paper is an attempt to establish the proper hierarchy. The author of the text is interested in devoting the importance of the Belarusian culture to the Polish emigration literature, he is also interested in revealing the awakening of the Belarusian national identity. For the tension between Polishness and Belarusianness plays an important role in the Belarusian trend. And this aspect cannot be lost in reflections on the literary memories of Polish life in the Belorussian territories.
PL
Celem prezentowanego szkicu jest dostrzeżenie i wyróżnienie bardzo ważnego nurtu w polskiej powojennej prozie emigracyjnej. Nurt „powrotu do małych ojczyzn”, bardzo istotny w polskiej prozie powojennej, zaowocował wieloma dziełami wspomnieniowymi. Najważniejsze z nich poświęcone zostały ziemiom ukraińskim i białoruskim. Wspomnienia i powieści na temat życia na ziemiach białoruskich włączane są zwykle do nurtu litewskiego z powodu ich historycznej przynależności do Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Prezentowany szkic stanowi próbę ustanowienia właściwej hierarchii. Autorowi tekstu zależy na oddaniu ważności kultury białoruskiej dla polskiej literatury emigracyjnej, ale także na ujawnieniu budzenia się białoruskiej tożsamości narodowej. Albowiem w nurcie białoruskim napięcie między polskością i białorosyjskością odgrywa ważną rolę. I ten aspekt nie może zaginąć w refleksjach nad literackimi wspomnieniami polskiego życia na ziemiach białoruskich.
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2018
|
vol. 13
|
issue 8
342-363
EN
The paper is devoted to the one and only drama of Kazimierz Wierzyński (1894–1969) ‘Comrade October’, written in 1950, and released only in 1992. Its aim is to explain why it was not published immediately after the writing. The author attempts to reconstruct the circumstances of the creation of the work and to effort to publish and exhibit it, as well as to present the state of research. He show the ‘Comrade October’ against the background of emigratory dramaturgy and theater life, which serves to reflect on the political character of the drama and to analyze the reception of his public readings in èmigrè circles (Theatre ‘Pro Arte’ by Olga Żeromska, 1954).
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2022
|
vol. 54
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issue 3
131-150
EN
Gryf Publications Ltd. was established in 1946 in the milieu of Gen. Władysław Anders to carry out the tasks of the independence emigration and the political purposes of the circle. Gryf achieved a position of one of the most important emigration publishing houses. The unstable financial situation, however, constantly necessitated the search for solutions to ensure the survival of the publishing house.
PL
Firma Gryf Publications Ltd. została powołana w 1946 r. w kręgu gen. Władysława Andersa, aby realizować zadania emigracji niepodległościowej oraz polityczne cele środowiska. Gryf osiągnął pozycję jednego z najważniejszych wydawnictw emigracyjnych. Niestabilna sytuacja finansowa jednak stale wymagała szukania rozwiązań zapewniających przetrwanie wydawnictwa.
PL
Rozprawa poświęcona została autorskiej estetyce Zygmunta Haupta. Pod uwagę wzięto zarówno wątek metarefleksyjny jego prozy, jak i jej właściwości immanentne. Zwrócono uwagę przede wszystkim na koncepcję podmiotu mówiącego. Autor tekstu próbuje wnieść pewne korekty do nadmiernie w dotychczasowych badaniach eksponowanego autobiografizmu prozy Haupta. Zamiast niego badacz jako centrum tej twórczości uznaje koncepcję czasu – przeszłość i przyszłość jako „ekstazy” teraźniejszości. Koncepcje Haupta zostały skonfrontowane z nurtem polskiej literatury powojennej, która powstała pod hasłem wielkiej korekty. Pod uwagę wzięto zarówno twórczość pisarzy krajowych, jak i emigracyjnych. Wedle badacza Haupt w swej myśli estetycznej, eksplorując temat granic literatury, zbliża się do twórców późnego modernizmu.
EN
The article discusses the author’s aesthetics of Zygmunt Haupt. Both the metareflexive thread of his prose and its immanent properties have been taken into account. The main focus has been put on the concept of the speaking subject. The author of the article tries to revise Haupt’s autobiographism of prose which the previous studies used to expose excessively. Instead, the researcher recognises the concept of time – the past and the future as the “ecstasy” of the present – to be at the centre of this work. Haupt’s ideas have been confronted with the trend of Polish post-war literature, which was created under the slogan of a great revision. Both the works of Polish and emigrant writers have been taken into consideration. According to the researcher, in his aesthetic thought, exploring the boundaries of literature, Haupt is close to the writers of late modernism.
PL
W artykule koncentruję się na przedstawieniu zarysu twórczości prozatorskiej Zofii Romanowiczowej oraz jej recepcji. Każdej z jedenastu opublikowanych powieści pisarki poświęcam fragment artykułu, uwypuklając ich stylistyczne podobieństwa oraz podkreślając charakterystyczną dla całej twórczości Romanowiczowej tematykę i problematykę. Część poświęcona recepcji ma z kolei stać się punktem wyjścia do rozważań o kanonie literatury polskiej XX wieku.
EN
The author of the article focuses on an overall picture of Zofia Romanowiczowa’s prose works and their critical reception. For each of eleven published novels of the author there was devoted a distinct part of the text, emphasizing at the same time the similarities in style and subjects so characteristic in all of writer’s work. In turn the part devoted to the critical reception is supposed to be the starting point for a reflection about the canon of twentieth century Polish literature.
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