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EN
The analysis of the expressive stability of lexeme ‘słodziak’ in Polish The aim of this article is to analyse the lexical changes – expressive stability, to be more specific – in the Polish lexeme ‘słodziak’. The expressive stability of the lexeme was analysed with the application of the value theory by Jadwiga Puzynina, basic human emotions by Anna Wierzbicka, Likert scale, and stylistic marking. Furthermore, the following websites served as sources for the analysis: Polish Wordnet, Language Observatory of the University of Warsaw, Internet dictionary of slang miejski.pl, dictionary glosbe.pl built on the basis of the English-Polish translations, language corpus monco.frazeo.pl, National Corpus of Polish, as well as numerous entries on blogs and forums. The analysis allowed to establish the following meanings of the lexeme ‘słodziak’: (1) lovely person, (2) cute animal, (3) cute item, (4) sweet food and drinks, (5) sweet scent, and (6) unattractive man. Furthermore, the analysis of sources shows that the lexeme is present mostly on gossip and news websites. This emphasises the colloquial nature of the lexeme but allows another tentative conclusion: since most of the gossips, news, and interviews are translated from English, one may suspect significant productivity of the investigated lexeme in the English to Polish translations. The claim is further supported by the presence of the lexeme in English-Polish dictionaries, in which ‘słodziak’ is a suggested equivalent for such English words and phrases as sweetie, cutie, cutie-pie, peach, cutie-patootie. All in all, the analysis shows that the lexeme is relatively stable.
PL
Teoretyczna część artykułu stanowi zarys podstawowej wiedzy z obszarów: percepcji ludzkiej twarzy, rozpoznawania mimicznych ekspresji emocji podstawowych oraz różnic międzypłciowych w funkcjonowaniu społecznym. Badanie dotyczyło specyfiki rozpoznawania mimicznych ekspresji emocji podstawowych prezentowanych w postaci zdegradowanej, zależnie od modalności emocji i płci obserwatora. Do pomiaru wrażliwości percepcyjnej na mimiczne sygnały emocjonalne wykorzystano komputerowy program „Morfy”, w którym użyto zdjęć ekspresji emocji podstawowych, stworzonych przy pomocy techniki morfingu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazały, iż ekspresje radości i wstrętu najbardziej różnicują wskaźniki wrażliwości percepcyjnej w procesie rozpoznawania emocji. Kobiety trafniej od mężczyzn rozpoznawały smutek.
EN
The theoretical part of the article gives an overview of basic knowledge in the areas of: the perception of a human face, recognition of facial expression of basic emotions and differences in social functioning between genders. The study concerned the specificity of recognition of facial expression of basic emotions presented in the form of degraded, depending on the modality of emotions and gender of the observer. For the measurement of perceptual sensitivity to emotional mimic signals used the computer program "morphs", which uses pictures essential expression of emotion created using morphing techniques. The results indicated that the expression of joy and disgust most differentiate perceptual sensitivities in the process of recognition of emotions. Women more accurately than men recognize sadness.
EN
The analysis of the expressive stability of lexeme ‘gówniak’ in Polish The aim of this article is to analyse the expressive stability of the Polish lexeme ‘gówniak’. Although the said lexeme is a relatively new linguistic phenomenon – as it appeared for the first time in the Polish web in 2014 – it is becoming more and more popular among a specific type of internet users and its meaning has started to expand. The expressive stability of the lexeme was analysed on the basis of the basic human emotions by Anna Wierzbicka, value theory by Jadwiga Puzynina, Likert scale, and stylistic marking. Since the lexeme doesn’t appear in any paper dictionaries, the following websites served as sources for the analysis: language corpus monco.frazeo.pl, Polish Wordnet, Internet dictionary of slang miejski.pl, and above all numerous entries on blogs and forums, memes and entertainment websites such as wykop.pl and joemonster.org. The analysis allowed to establish four main meanings of the lexeme ‘gówniak’: (1) a definition of (someone else’s) child popular among users of entertainment websites, (2) an annoying, naughty child, (3) a child of ‘Seba’ and ‘Karyna’, (4) a humorous definition of (your own) child. Moreover, the analysis of the sources shows that the emotional marking of the lexeme is constantly changing: from purely negative (resulting from its morphological structure) to more neutral or even positive one.
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