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EN
The article concerns the history of emphyteusis as a legal institution and its modernday implications for land ownership in Poland. It describes the origins of emphyteusis and its different forms and functions fulfilled in property relations within the borders of modern Poland. It focuses on problems connected with emphyteusis rights established under expired or repealed acts and concludes with an analysis of their status pursuant to the civil law currently in force.
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EN
The laneus or mansus, in German hube or hufe, also joined the set of building elements of the medieval transformation. The inspiration of the Flemish or Frankish hide was also part of the equipment of the colonisation processes, standing at the beginnings of the changes in the composition of the nationalities and in the demographic profile of Central and East Central Europe. They were inextricably accompanied by a wave of economic, technical, and legal organisational innovations. Even in Bohemia and Moravia, knowledge of hide practices were gradually adopted. It peaked in the late 13th and stretched into the 14th century. At the same time, the hide was soon adapted to domestic needs. At a time when greater emphasis was placed on comparability and transferability, as a relatively unified measuring tool, it became a tool to evenly burden the land and squeeze it under rental interest. The hide was usually connected with the transfer of villages and entire estates to Teutonic or emphyteutic law, in other words purkrecht, abbreviated to emphyteusis. Although hide did not become a universal measure in the end and instead branched out into land and regional offshoots, they too maintained a genetic link to the initial term laneus.
EN
In the Second Republic of Poland, in the towns under the rule of the Russian Empire before 1914, there existed legal regulations based on rent charge agreements, perpetual lease and emphyteusis, so the ones that had been in use before enfranchisement. The possibility to liquidate such legal regulations associated with the necessity to pay perpetuate benefits to the state was granted by the Presidential Decree from January 30, 1924. When it comes to repurchasing town properties, it was regulated first by a bill from March 28, 1933, and then by a bill from April 25, 1938. However, the procedure given by the legislator, which meant that repurchasing was dependent on the initiative of the owner, made it difficult to fully liquidate the abovementioned procedures till the outbreak of World War I.
PL
W II Rzeczypospolitej, na obszarze miast położonych na terenach znajdujących się pod panowaniem rosyjskim, przed 1914 r. nadal funkcjonowały stosunki prawne oparte na umowach wieczysto-czynszowych, dzierżawie wieczystej i emfiteuzie, zatem podlegające uregulowaniom prawnym obowiązującym przed uwłaszczeniem. Dopuszczalność likwidacji tych stosunków prawnych, związanych z obowiązkiem spełniania świadczeń wieczystych na rzecz państwa, została uregulowana rozporządzeniem Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej z dnia 30 grudnia 1924 r., natomiast wykup innych nieruchomości miejskich miał następować w oparciu o przepisy ustawy z dnia 28 marca 1933 r., a następnie ustawy z dnia 25 kwietnia 1938 r. Przewidziany przez ustawodawcę tryb, uzależniający wykup od inicjatywy posiadacza, spowodował jednak, iż do końca omawianego okresu nie udało się w pełni zlikwidować powyższych stosunków prawnych.
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