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EN
The article covers the content of training experts on education in German speaking countries of the European Union (Germany, Austria and Switzerland). It also analyses the Master’s courses such as «Developing School and Ensuring Quality» (Free University of Berlin) and «School Development» (Pedagogical higher schools of Weingarten, Vorarlberg, Sankt-Gallen, Schaffhausen, Thurgau). It has been found that the Master’s degree course «Developing School and Ensuring Quality» at the Free University of Berlin covers 60 credits (1800 hours) and includes the following modules: «School and personnel development», «Expert assessment and quality control», «Educational process development», «Expert assessment project» and «Personnel management project». The Master’s degree course of «School Development» at Pedagogical higher schools of Weingarten, Vorarlberg, Sankt-Gallen, Schaffhausen, Thurgau covers 90 credits (2700 hours) and includes the following modules: «School development», «Educational management», «Empirical methods», «Expert assessment», «Educational process development», «Consulting», «Project». At the end of the course students write their Master's research paper. Therefore, the content of the courses listed above covers such aspects as: the key concepts, principles, forms and methods of managing educational institutions; the basis of educational institution development and its personnel (the model of school and its programme, the model of quality control and improvement, the notion of personnel development, the concept of teachers’ professional development); the basis of pedagogical expert assessment (its types, functions, criteria and standards, as well as risks, opportunities and planning); the basis of consulting. It is concluded that content of master courses of training experts on education in German-speaking countries of the European Union (Germany, Austria and Switzerland) covers the following aspects: basic concepts, principles, forms and methods of management of education institutions; the basis for the development of educational institutions and personnel (the model and the program of the school, models of welfare and development of quality, the concept of staff development, the concept of teacher training); fundamentals of educational assessment (types, functions, criteria and standards, chances and risks and planning expertise); basics of counseling.
EN
Four kinds of research are conducted in pastoral theology: monodisciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary. The first kind is characterized by a common aim and a common method, the second – by a common aim and different methods, the third one – by different aims and different methods, and the fourth one – by a common aim and different methods. Multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary research is necessary for modern theology, but to conduct it, excellent qualifications of a theologian-pastoralist are necessary. The paradigm of pastoral theology is based on practical syllogism. In the construction of this syllogism the major premise contains the norms for the given problem, and the minor premise contains the analysis of actual reality; and the conclusion has a normative and actual character. At every stage of research of the paradigm of pastoral theology different working methods are used. At the first (ecclesiological) research stage of the pastoral theology the paradigm the deductive method is used, but also the comparative method, the positive method, exegesis, interpretation of the text, analogy, etc. At the second (kairological) research stage the historical-theological method is used, the sociological-theological method, methods used in empirical sciences, as well as observations, interviews, surveys, and studies based on a questionnaire. In studies based on documents historical methods are used, the method of source criticism and interpretation, the comparative method, analysis of the text, etc. At the third (praxeological) research stage of the pastoral theology paradigm the method of synthesis, the method of interpretation, the method of classification, etc. are used.
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