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EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of SMEs on job creation in the WB6 countries (North Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Serbia). During the last two decades, the countries in the Western Balkans region have faced different economic challenges, including employment-related issues and the question of who is in fact the creator of new jobs in this region. The paper employs explanatory methodology, through analysis of the statistical data collected in the Enterprise Survey conducted by the World Bank Group. The data analyzed covers three periods, i.e., year 1 (2009), year 2 (2013), year 3 (2019). The surveys were administered to a representative sample of 5358 firms in the non-agricultural, formal, private sectors, including small, medium and large enterprises. The paper concludes that the most widespread type of business activity in the Wester Balkan countries are SMEs, which tend to employ more than large enterprises, with an average share of 45%-77%, by which they contribute more to new job creation, compared to large enterprises, and are indeed the ones reducing job scarcity and exhibiting a smaller share in job shrinkage. The implications arising from the paper are twofold, i.e., they can inspire both the academic and researcher circles to analyze even further the impact of SMEs, by including additional measuring indicators as well the policy makers to revise the policy of assisting SMEs in any means possible. The paper fills the gap in the existing literature dealing with the impact of SMEs on job creation in the WB region. The relevance of this research stands in fact that the study addresses the impact and relevance of SMEs’ job creation in countries known for their long transition period.
EN
We live in the age of globalization, the fourth industrial revolution and the concept of Labour 4.0. Employees face dynamic technological and organisational changes that require new competences to do complex work, to learn continuously, and update their knowledge and skills. Vocational excellence, upgrading soft skills and exploring the aspect of self-improvement are the main features of a professional and the title of a master craftsman is formally confirms that professionalism. The main goal of this research was recognition of social and pedagogical competences of master craftsmen in vocational training and modification of the existing examination requirements for professional title of a master craftsman.
PL
Dzisiejsze czasy to epoka globalizacji, czwarta era przemysłowa 4.0. Towarzyszą temu dynamiczne zmiany technologiczne i organizacyjne, które wymagają od pracowników zdolności do wykonywania zróżnicowanej pracy, ciągłego uczenia się i aktualizowania wiedzy i umiejętności. Głównym celem badań było zdiagnozowanie kompetencji społecznych i pedagogicznych mistrzów rzemiosła, oraz modyfikacja istniejącego standardu wymagań egzaminacyjnych na tytuł zawodowy mistrza. Autor podjął próbę zdiagnozowania luk kompetencyjnych mistrzów, którzy stanowią filar rzemieślniczego przygotowania zawodowego oraz sformułowania nowego modelu wymagań egzaminacyjnych mistrzów w rzemiośle, a co za tym idzie procesu ich kształcenia
Zeszyty Prawnicze
|
2017
|
vol. 17
|
issue 3
189-204
EN
Summary The non-compete clause for the duration of a party’s period of employment is a familiar feature of Polish employment contacts, and in view of its frequent occurrence has been examined from the legal aspect both by experts on the Polish Labour Code and by the judicature. This paper offers a contribution to the ongoing discussion on the need for the non-compete clause defned under Art. 101 (1) of the Polish Labour Code (umowa o zakazie konkurencji z art 101 (1) k p.) to be augmented with a statutory payment clause, in consideration both of the contractual nature of the non-compete clause as well as of the constraints it imposes on the principle of an employee’s right to work.
PL
Streszczenie Instytucja zakazu konkurencji obowiązującego w czasie trwania stosunku pracy, ze względu na swoją ogromną popularność zastosowania w praktyce wielokrotnie i w sposób kompletny została poddawana analizie prawnej zarówno przez przedstawicieli doktryny prawa pracy, jak i w orzecznictwie. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowić będzie głos w dyskusji nad powracającym zagadnieniem konieczności wprowadzenia ustawowego nakazu odpłatności umowy o zakazie konkurencji z art. 101 (1) k.p. przy uwzględnieniu zarówno jego umownego charakteru, jak i ograniczenia, jakie stanowi dla zasady prawa do pracy.
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