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Problemy badawcze i konserwatorskie obronnego kościoła parafialnego p. w. św. Jana Chrzciciela w Korzkwi

100%

Szlezynger P. S.

Ochrona Zabytków

2000

issue 1

19-31

The locality of Korzkiew, 13 kms. to the north of Cracow, is situated in the valley of the small river of Korzkiewka, a tributary of the Prądnik, and lies within the range of the Ojcowski National Park. Together with the rivulet, the valley creates meanders around wooded hills. One of the latter is the site of the parish church of St. John the Baptist, while the opposite hillock — some 200 metres away — is topped with the ruins of a knight’s castle. The church and castle continue to comprise the architectural-landscape dominants of the valley, just as they did at the time of their erection, i. e. in the first quarter of the seventeenth century. In 1623, the owners of Korzkiew founded a brick church, completed in 1630 and consecrated in 1640. Those dates were determined by the author upon the basis of visitations conducted by the bishops of Cracow during the seventeenth century. The oriented church is built on the plan of a rectangle, with a presbytery closed by means of a semi-circular apse. To the no rth , the nave is adjoined by a sacristy and a treasury, based on the plan of a square, with a gallery on the storey. The spatial arrangement o f the church combines elements of mediaeval architecture (the traditional plan with a tower added to the west, massive walls with scarps) and modern design (the semi-circularly closed presbytery, the cross-barrel vault, and the detail). A characteristic feature of the Korzkiew church is its defensive character. Extant embrasures are situated over the treasury and the sacristy, in the tower, and in the attic gallery above the nave and the presbytery (where they were discovered by the author). The castellation o f a sacral building was dictated by its location in a raised terrain above the valley and a trade route from Silesia, running opposite the castle; the spanned edifices defended b oth the valley and the track. The church in question called for urgent conservation, predominantly the drying of its damp walls. In the future, it is recommended to embark upon adaptation, which will accentuate the defensive properties of the monument.

ODKRYCIE GOTYCKIEGO KOŚCIOŁA O UNIKATOWEJ, MUROWANO-SZKIELETOWEJ KONSTRUKCJI W KANIGOWIE

58%

Wawrykiewicz L.

Ochrona Zabytków

2008

issue 3

21-42

The article is an attempt at recreating the original appearance of a Gothic brick-skeleton church in Kanigowo near Nidzica upon the basis of architectural research. The preserved parts of the skeleton walls made it possible to recreate the original composition of the northern and southern elevation, and the retention of the mediaeval roof truss permitted the establishment of the shape of the roof. Upon the basis of these elements it became feasible to define the architectural form of a church with a unique wall construction. Up to now the church has not been the topic of a separate monograph.Upon the basis of conducted architectural studies it has been ascertained that the basic outline of the present-day solid of the church originates from the 15th century. Apparently, the preserved fragments of the skeleton church walls comprise an integral element of its Gothic construction unambiguously confirmed by the dendrochronological research performed by Prof. Marek Krapiec, and made it possible to establish the date of the erection of the brick-skeleton church as 1386. The titular church was built from the onset with the application of two types of construction. Three-fifths of the walls were made of stones and ceramic brick, plastered on both sides. The upper part of the church walls was made out of parallel wooden constructions - from the outside with brick filling, and from the inside with timber framing. The skeleton parts of the wall comprise a uniform construction with the king-post roof truss and possess a single system of joiners' assembly signs. The 14th century construction was covered with a high gable roof with monk-nun tiles and probably had skeleton gables, which constituted a uniform construction with the roof truss. The brick ground floor of the nave featured two entrance portals - western and southern. The nave was additionally lit with three windows arranged in the southern elevation wall while the northern elevation was devoid of all windows. The outer construction with the brick, nonplastered filling contrasted with the whitened walls of the ground floor, comprising the prime visual accent of the Gothic church elevations. The monument possesses exceptional values on a regional and national scale. Quite probably, it is the only preserved example of a mediaeval brick-skeleton sacral building in former eastern Prussia. Presumably, there is no analogous edifice in the whole of Poland and possibly in Europe. Its other distinguishable features include artistic assets, which at present are not totally discernible. The form of the Gothic outer construction of the walls - despite the fact that a major part was concealed beneath plaster - is particularly noteworthy. Thanks to the application in each repeated span of cross-crossing elements it was possible to attain a decorative, almost 'ornamental' design of the wooden skeleton, contrasted with the brick filling. The configuration of the outer skeleton construction does not limit itself to a mere technical role, but comprises a sui generis decorative frieze crowning the brick church walls. For those reasons, suitable emphasis on this extremely valuable original construction of the church wall in the course of future conservation is to be regarded as a priority task during the revalorisation of the monument in question.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Szlezynger P. S.

1 Wawrykiewicz L.

1 2008

1 2000

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Problemy badawcze i konserwatorskie obronnego kościoła parafialnego p. w. św. Jana Chrzciciela w Korzkwi

ODKRYCIE GOTYCKIEGO KOŚCIOŁA O UNIKATOWEJ, MUROWANO-SZKIELETOWEJ KONSTRUKCJI W KANIGOWIE