Search results - CEJSH

1

The Origin of Capacity Market in Poland

100%

Spasowska-Czarny H.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

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2018

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vol. 28

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issue 4 English Online Version

169-179

EN

One of the basic obligations of the State towards its citizens is ensure energy security, defined as a situation where the economy can cover both the current and predicted consumer demand for fuels and energy in a technologically and economically reasonable manner, while observing requirements of environmental protection. Undoubtedly, in the context of electrical power energy security is understood as the security of supply, i.e. the capability of the power system to ensure the security of operation of the power grid and to balance the supply of electricity with the demand for this type of energy. This primarily depends on the availability of power generation sources of sufficient capacity. To ensure the continuity and stability of electricity supply to all end consumers in Poland in the medium- and long-term perspective, the Polish Ministry of Energy commenced drafting regulations concerning the capacity market as of 2016. These efforts have been aimed at causing an incentive effect in order to encourage making investment and modernisation decisions and to discourage decommissioning of the existing generation sources which determine the security of operation of the National Power System.

2

An energy promise of democratic peace for the arctic: Russia’s case

100%

Stekić N., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

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2018

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issue 1

EN

It has been widely discussed whether the existing theoretical approaches within the international relations could efficiently explain the newly established phenomena within the international system. As a vast space of emerging importance, the Arctic presents a unique area which is an immanent strategic object of the world’s major powers such as Russia, China, Canada, and the EU. This article uses the democratic peace theory to determine whether the major intervening variables – energy policy and transit potential in the Arctic – could inhibit the theoretically predicted behaviour of such states. Theoretical implication stemming from the literature review points to an inherently more peaceful nature of Russia in this space, unlike the rest of the world. This was an incentive to fill in an epistemological gap of the democratic peace puzzle. Following the logic of the democratic peace theory, this research has demonstrated that the two intervening variables have been omitted and thus they should be incorporated in further empirical research.

3

Strategic goals of energy security policy of the federal republic of Germany

100%

Ruszel M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2017

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issue 50

113-129

EN

The aim of the article is to analyse the strategic goals of energy security of the Federal Republic of Germany in the context of foreign policy. The author hypothesizes that achieving the strategic goals of the energy policy of the Federal Republic of Germany depends on its energy partnerships. Therefore, the following research questions are considered: First, what are the goals of German foreign policy in the context of international power play? Second, what are the internal and external goals of energy policy of Germany? Third, what is the role of Germany’s strategic partnerships in the context of pursuing the goals of its energy security? The author also presents the structure of Germany’s energy balance to illustrate the importance of particular energy resources and the sources and directions of their supply. The answers to those questions will provide the context for strategic energy partnerships between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation. Given the specificity of German policy, the author will apply the geo-economic approach. The system analysis method and the component method will also be used. Conclusions and potential scenarios will be based on the forecasting technique.

4

Energy Cultures in the European Union

100%

Rosicki R.

Przegląd Strategiczny

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2016

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issue 9

225-237

EN

The main objective of the text is to present an analysis that points to the existence of special “energy cultures” in the European Union. The comparative analysis encompassing the results of previous research into “energy cultures” employs statistical methods, i.e. a cluster analysis (Ward’s clustering method and k-means clustering method). The main sections of the text address: (1) the concept and examples of “energy cultures”, (2) a methodology of analysis, (3) aselection of indexes characterising “energy cultures”, (4) an attempt at grouping the European Union member states with the aid of clustering, (5) conclusions. With a view to making the research problem more specific, the present text features the following questions: (1) Is the claim that the European Union manifests special ‘energy cultures’ legitimate?, (2) Did the decade of 2001-2011 witness changes in the field of the European Union ‘energy cultures’, as earlier recognised by the literature?

5

Transition To A Green Economy In The Context Of Selected European And Global Requirements For Sustainable Development

100%

Wysokińska Z.

Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 4

203-226

EN

The aim of the paper is to present selected aspects of sustainable development related to environmental protection and the creation of a green economy, with special reference to the global and European context for the development of an environmentally friendly goods and services market, taking into account the cases of Central and Eastern European countries. One of the most important elements of the strategy to promote clean economic growth and foster the transition to a more sustainable and greener economy is the energy sector, where the aim is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sulfur oxides and support the development of renewable energy sources. Some of the achieved results in this area are presented in this paper.

6

Smart Grids in the Process of Building a Competitive Economy and Energy Security in Europe

100%

Ludynia A.

Foundations of Management

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2012

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vol. 4

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issue 2

37-50

EN

Article aims to present the technological innovation - Smart Grids in the process of maintaining Europ’s energy security, competitiveness of economy and environmental protection. Innovative intelligent networks are the solution to accelerate the liberalization process of the energy sector, and also to grow energy efficiency and savings in the consumption of electricity. Management of energy production and efficient planning of consumption will bring benefits for the economic development. Technology of smart grids will change in the future the structure of the supply of energy towards a decentralization system. This article consist of three main parts, the first concerns the analysis of energy policy in Europe with the most significant factors that shape this policy, the seconde part concerns the presentation of the smart grids solutions essence for electricity and the benefits generated by the process of implementing in the energy system. The third part is devoted to European and Polish projects in the subject of smart meters.

7

Energy trade relations between Russia and China

100%

Yamato S.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2023

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vol. 2(38)

62-71

EN

Economic relations between Russia and China have been growing over the years. Of particular importance in Russia-China economic relations is the gas and oil trade. Russia has the world’s largest natural resources, while China is the world’s largest energy consumer. In 2014, an agreement was reached to build a new gas pipeline and increase gas exports to China. If the planned volume of gas can be exported to China on a stable basis, Russia will be able to supplement some of the economic sanctions imposed by the West. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether China can be a stable export destination for Russia. There is a significant gap in the trade scale between Russia and China and asymmetrical dependence in the relationship between them. In addition, international pipeline projects have substantial financial and time costs, and the two countries; intentions sometimes differ. The purpose of this research is to clarify the current state of trade interdependence between Russia and China and to study whether China can be a stable economic partner for Russia. This paper consists of three main parts, with an introduction and conclusions. The first part explains an overview of trade and asymmetric interdependence between Russia and China. It then analyses the anticipated benefits and vulnerabilities of increased Russian gas exports to China. The third section investigates the uncertainties of China as a gas importer in terms of China’s dependence on Russia.

8

Economic dimension of Polish energy security

100%

Czech A.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2017

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vol. 8

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issue 3

383-399

EN

Research background: Stable and reliable access to a variety of energy carriers is undoubtedly a basis for the development of any economy. Therefore, the primary condition for the security of the state and its citizens is to ensure the essential minimum of energy on its territory. We can observe, however, an increasing dependence of the Polish energy sector on external sources. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to examine and evaluate the economic aspects of the Polish energy security considering the fact of growing de-pendency on foreign supplies of energy carriers. Methods: In this paper we analyze the Polish energy security using several indicators: fuel/price efficiency ratio, energy intensity of the economy and Herfindahl-Hirschman rate of market concentration. For calculations we use statistical data provided by Energy Market Agency publications, including ?Energy Situation in Poland? covering the years of 2000? 2015. Findings & value added: On the one hand, the Polish energy security depends on its internal conditions and resources - in this context, the available resources of coal and lignite play an extremely positive role because they provide access to a reliable source of energy. On the other hand, Poland is becoming dependent on external commitments that restrict the free use of domestic resources, thus lowering the energy security of the country, speaking in particular of oil and natural gas resources. The analysis carried out in this paper will allow to evaluate the effectiveness of using various energy carriers with respect to their price, market structure and geopolitical conditions.

9

Solar Energy Conversion Methods

100%

SOBCZYK W., NAGORNIUK O., RIABUSHENKO O., WLIZŁO J.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 1

73-76

EN

This article presents the characteristics of three basic methods of solar energy conversion: thermal energy – photothermal conversion, electrical energy – photovoltaic conversion, energy related to chemical processes – photochemical conversion. The paper addresses some aspects of the primary goals of EU climate and energy policy, as well as the benefits of passive building constructions.

10

Sustainable Development and Policies or Strategies Concerning Resources

100%

Czerny M., Czerny A.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

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issue 1(39)

7-12

EN

Since the 1990s the term (and underlying concept ) of sustainable development has become the aspect arising most often in discussions regarding the Earth’s fate, the management of natural resources, energy policy, the safeguarding of food security and places to live, and so on. However, ideas on the accomplishment of sustainable development assumptions have first and foremost allowed for development and strengthening of all those ecological movements able to put political pressure on the governments of different countries, with a view to their devising and implementing policy on environmental protection, as well as the instrumentation allowing effective control over the exploitation of natural resources. Analyses concerning the structure and dynamics of contemporary use of natural resources for economic purposes which came into existence in time for the Rio “Earth Summit” (i.e., in the early 1990s) made it clear that the prevention of excessive change in the natural environment – and the guaranteeing of its appropriate quality for both present and future generations would be best served if the main focus was on raw materials and their use. This rather one-sided way of thinking did in fact evolve over time, to the point where activity in the name of sustainable development has now become multifaceted, involving a wide range of entities, and extending far beyond the field of raw-materials and resources use.

PL

Od lat 90. XX w. termin, a za nim koncepcja rozwoju zrównoważonego (sustainable development) stały się jednym z najczęściej używanych słów w dyskusji na temat przyszłości świata, gospodarki zasobami naturalnymi, polityki energetycznej, zapewnienia żywności i warunków mieszkaniowych mieszkańcom Ziemi, itp. Przede wszystkim jednak wraz z realizacją założeń zrównoważonego rozwoju na sile przybrały wszelkie ruchy ekologiczne, które wywierając nacisk polityczny na rządy poszczególnych krajów przyczyniły się do opracowania i wdrażanie w życie polityk ochrony środowiska i narzędzi mających skutecznie kontrolować eksploatację zasobów naturalnych. Analizy dotyczące struktury i dynamiki wykorzystywania współcześnie zasobów naturalnych dla celów gospodarczych, które powstały po szczycie w Rio de Janeiro, czyli w dekadzie lat 90. XX w. wykazały, że aby zapobiec nadmiernym zmianom w środowisku naturalnym i zagwarantować odpowiednią jakość poszczególnych parametrów środowiska naturalnego nie tylko dla współczesnych mieszkańców Ziemi, ale też dla przyszłych pokoleń należy skupić się przede wszystkim na gospodarce surowcowej. Taki jednokierunkowy tok myślenia i działania o zrównoważonym rozwoju uległ z biegiem lat ewolucji i dzisiaj działania na rzecz rozwoju zrównoważonego są wieloaspektowe i wieloprzedmiotowe, znacznie wykraczające poza sferę jedynie eksploatacji surowców.

11

Energy Security as a Priority for CEE countries. Is the King Naked?

100%

Szwedziak-Bork I.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2016

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vol. 9(13)

95-120

EN

The aim of this article is to assess the implementation process of the EU energy security policy in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. In the EU, energy security remains a crucial issue for European Energy Strategy, the fundamental goals of which include the security of supply, sustainability and competitiveness. Security of supply should be considered the most important aspect in this context, because it is connected to deep interdependencies between markets and economies, often based on political or even geo-political considerations. This is currently particularly noticeable, among other things, in the relations between the EU and Russia, where – in the event of any potential energy supply disturbances – some CEE countries are considered to be the most exposed. By analysing matters referred to the security of energy supplies, the article aims to determine the scope of activities undertaken by selected CEE countries which are also EU Member States in order to achieve this goal. The paper stresses the significance of cooperation by CEE countries at regional level, and focuses on initiatives and projects meant to ensure the security of their energy supplies. The conclusions of the paper assess some of the success stories as well as failures experienced by CEE countries in the process of building their energy independence.

FR

Le but de cet article est d'évaluer la mise en oeuvre de la politique de sécurité énergétique de l’Union européenne dans les pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale (PECO). Dans l'UE, la sécurité énergétique est un enjeu crucial pour la Stratégie énergétique européenne qui contient parmi ces objectifs fondamentaux la sécurité de l'approvisionnement, la durabilité et la compétitivité. La sécurité de l’approvisionnement doit être considérée comme l'aspect le plus important dans ce contexte, car elle est liée aux interdépendances profondes entre les marchés et les économies, souvent basées sur des considérations politiques ou même géo-politiques. Ceci est actuellement particulièrement visible, entre autres, dans les relations entre l'UE et la Russie, où - dans le cas de perturbations concernant l'approvisionnement en énergie - certains PECO sont considérés comme le plus exposés. En analysant les questions concernant la sécurité de l’approvisionnement énergétique, l'article vise à déterminer l’étendue des activités entreprises par certains PECO [qui sont aussi les États Membres de l’Union européenne] afin d’atteindre cet objectif. L’article souligne l'importance de la coopération des PECO au niveau régional et se focalise sur les initiatives et les projets visés à assurer la sécurité de l’approvisionnement énergétique de ces pays. Les conclusions de cet article évaluent des réussites, ainsi que les échecs des PECO, dans le processus de la construction de leur indépendance énergétique.

12

Petrol and Natural Gas Market of the Visegrád Group Countries 1993–2016: Current State and Prospects

88%

Kłaczyński R.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2018

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vol. 1 (47)

7-19

EN

The paper addresses problems related to energy policies pursued by Central European countries. It identifies the amounts of energy resources in individual countries in the Visegrád Group as well as the transmission infrastructures they use for natural gas and crude oil. The author discusses projects aimed at diversifying energy supplies which are of key importance to V4 countries. The article also presents relations between those countries in both within the group and bilaterally. When outlining prospects of a V4 energy strategy, the account is taken of such vital aspects as relations with the Russian Federation and the contribution made by Visegrád countries to EU actions designed to develop a single energy market.

13

POLITYKA ENERGETYCZNA POLSKI WOBEC ZAGROŻEŃ ZMIANAMI KLIMATU

88%

Błoch M.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2018

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issue 1(16)

77-88 (12)

EN

This article deals with Poland’s energy policy in the context of the threat of climate change. To this end, the definition of energy security has been used, which also combines ecological and economic security. In addition, the most important legal acts regulating energy policy are listed. The most important state strategies in energy policy have also been identified. Furthermore, national legislation has also referred to international agreements to protect the climate. Next, we analyzed the most frequently used sources of energy in Poland and those whose development is planned for the coming years. As a result of this analysis, energy sources that could provide Poland with energy security are identified. In addition, basic directions of changes in Polish law and policy have been proposed, which will allow for an increase in the use of energy from sources that can provide Poland with energy security.

14

EU external energy policy: the case of Azerbaijan

88%

Butenko V.

Przegląd Europejski

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2022

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vol. 1

61-71

EN

The article’s aim is to identify the features of EU external energy policy. The author analyses the evolution of EU energy policy and ongoing energy transition, using the primary and secondary legislation and scientific literature. Particular attention is paid to the European Green Deal, which affects EU energy relations with third countries. Azerbaijan was chosen as the case of analysis, because this country is the one of important suppliers of the natural gas to the European Union. The author concludes that the Europeanisation of Azerbaijan through mechanisms of conditionality and externalisation is beneficial to both the EU and Azerbaijan, and this, in turn, will push Azerbaijan to follow the European Green Deal.

15

Energy governance and compliance with the EU regulations in Poland prior to the adoption of the 2030 Energy and Climate Framework

88%

Smyrgała D.

Securitologia

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2016

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issue 1 (23)

33-45

EN

The article analyses the most important problems related to governance of the Polish energy sector prior to the adoption of the 2030 EU Climate and Energy Policy Framework. The document was to introduce major changes in the Polish energy mix due to restrictions placed upon the emissions of the CO2 and requirements related to the renewable sources of energy. The paper argues that in fact this overshadowed the pre-existing management problems of the Polish energy sector, in many aspects more serious than the provisions of the Framework itself.

16

Polska polityka klimatyczna. Próba analizy

88%

Karaczun Z. M.

Studia BAS

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2012

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issue 1(29)

85-107

EN

This paper analyses Poland’s climate policy from 1988 to 2010. The author presents background, as well as the main factors affecting climate policy in Poland – the foremost factor being European Union policy. In the author’s opinion, the main problem of Polish climate policy is the lack of political will to effectively address energy issues and their effects on climate change. The article also describes the predicted directions of climate policy and the necessary changes that should be implemented in Poland.

17

Transformacja gospodarki w kierunku niskoemisyjnym

88%

Hinc A.

Studia BAS

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2012

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issue 1(29)

109-136

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present the evolution of energy and climate policy (globally, in Europe, and in Poland) and review the tools which Poland could use to transform its economy towards a low carbon one. The author argues that energy and climate policy have become an economic policy that calls for a change in the socio economic model. As a consequence, this low carbon transition brings a change in the current model of state and society. The author supports this thesis by presenting global trends in energy and climate policies, explaining the dynamics of the EU policies related to emissions reductions, and outlining the current dilemmas of the modernisation of Poland. The paper concludes by presenting a set of tools that could be used for low carbon transition in Poland.

18

Security factor in discussion on the role of Indigenous Coal Endowment in Poland’s energy policy

88%

Hacaga M.

Securitologia

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2016

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issue 1 (23)

147-157

EN

Security is one of the most important factors in Polish debate on both, energy and foreign policies. Under its influence the proposed future shape of Polish electricity system is to be continuation of the present coal-based quasiautarchic one. The paper investigates historical factors that make Polish elites so much attached to the idea of energy policy based on striving full energy independence and concludes presenting threats arising from such policy.

19

Ukrainian perspectives of using world experience in investing in energy innovations

88%

Lazarenko D., Krutogorskyi I.

Research Papers in Economics and Finance

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2017

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vol. 2

|

issue 1

27-32

EN

The article presents the world economic trends of alternative energy. An analysis of international programs and innovative projects that are implemented and used in the energy sector is introduced. Conceptual proposals and innovative research in the field of alternative energy are represented. The author also suggests ways of formation of effective energy management and rational energy policy.

20

The Energy Union Tour – success or failure?

88%

Pach-Gurgul A.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2018

|

issue 1

103-118

EN

The objective of the Energy Union is to integrate 28 national energy markets, guarantee free movement of energy through the borders of the member states, implement new technologies, increase energy efficiency and renew transmission infrastructure. This project is advocated in response to the energy crisis of 2009, between Russia and Ukraine, as a result of which the gas transit to some of the EU countries was discontinued. This project, however, does not enjoy equal interest among all EU member states. This is the outcome of the national interests of some member states, which, for many years, have had good political and economic relations with the Russian Federation, particularly in the area of energy raw materials. Therefore, Maroš Šefčovič – the European Commissioner in charge of the Energy Union, organised an Energy Union Tour, i.e. a series of meetings in all the member states, taking place at the turn of 2015–2016, the objective of which was to show what the Energy Union could offer each of them. The structure of the paper was determined by the research procedure and the response to all the research questions, comprising: introduction, reflections on the security of the energy raw material supply and the projects of Energy Union and Energy Union Tour as well as the conclusions from the research and the summary.

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