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1

Geographical context of energy prices in the European Union Member States with special emphasis on the Slovak Republic

100%

Mačanga M., Plešivčák M.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 24

135-159

EN

The issue of energy prices presents an extremely topical subject with a major impact on human society. Energy demand is constantly increasing and most regions of the world are facing serious difficulties in ensuring sufficient energy supplies. However, not only global events affect energy prices in the particular country. National energy markets are highly specific and some local factors may also prove significant. In our contribution we focus on the Slovak Republic and try to analyze the major political and economic factors affecting the final price of energy, particularly of gas and electricity. We pay attention to the period from the accession of the country to the European Union in 2004 until 2011 characterised by ‘third liberalisation package’ that is associated with a wide range of major changes. Largely monopolized energy market has been gradually opening up to competition and the countries with regulated prices have been facing the increasing pressure to let the free market decide. Progressive liberalisation of energy markets enables consumers to use the energy services offered by various private companies. This new element operating in the energy sector is largely reflected in final energy prices. Thus, the main goal of this study is to highlight the price disparities between different energy commodities in European Union member states since we are at present witnesses to of significant regional disparities in energy prices. We try to analyze current energy prices with respect to GDP (regarding purchasing power parity as well) to ensure that resulting comparison would reflect the financial potential of the population. Demonstrating the effects of the economic crisis on energy prices in different countries will be another important aspect of this contribution.

2

The Role of Energy in a Real Business Cycle Model with an Endogenous Capital Utilization Rate in a Government Sector: Lessons from Bulgaria (1999–2016)

86%

Vasilev A.

Central European Economic Journal

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2018

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vol. 5

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issue 52

EN

We introduce a pro-cyclical endogenous utilization rate of physical capital stock into a real business cycle model augmented with a government sector in detail. We calibrate the model to Bulgarian data for the period following the introduction of the currency board arrangement (1999–2016). We investigate the quantitative importance of the endogenous depreciation rate and the capital utilization mechanism working through the use of energy for cyclical fluctuations in Bulgaria. In particular, a positive shock to energy prices in the model works like a negative technological shock. Allowing for variations in factor utilization and the presence of energy as a factor of production improves the model performance against data, and in addition this extended setup dominates the standard RBC model framework with constant depreciation and a fixed utilization rate of physical capital (e.g., Vasilev (2009)).

3

Economic and Social Analysis of Energy Carriers

72%

Lewandowska A. K.

Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education

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2015

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issue 4

83-98

EN

This article is a multiple factor analysis of the economic and social aspects of energy carriers conceived as any substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce mechanical work, heat, or chemical or physical processes.The analysis of the prices of energy carriers is preceded by a detailed presentation of the most important energy carriers for the industry, namely coal, crude oil, natural gas, and uranium. The analysis itself consists of a fundamental analysis, where the following factors are taken into consideration: costs of production, political situation, economic factors, freak whether conditions, ecological factors, social factors and currency markets.The fourth part of the paper is dedicated to technical analysis that seeks for identifying trends of price changing. The main assumptions the method is based on are described here. The article concludes with an analysis of the trends, support and resistance areas, as well as volume.

4

Wpływ cen nośników energii na ceny produktów i usług

72%

Katarzyński D., Przekota G.

Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

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2024

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vol. 71

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issue 1

71-92

EN

The increasing energy prices constitute a significant factor affecting the operational costs of businesses and have an increasingly significant impact on the global economy. Examining this relationship is crucial for a better understanding of the complex market environment and providing the information necessary for rational decision-making by businesses and for shaping the macroeconomic policies of the state. The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of energy carrier prices on economic activity, as well as the prices of products and services. The study also aims to provide information necessary for decision-making by businesses and for shaping the macroeconomic policies of the state. The study is based on the results of a survey conducted in June 2023 among a sample of 96 businesses of various sizes representing many sectors of the economy. The study results indicate that the increase in energy prices translates into price increases for products and services offered by businesses. However, a significant finding is that initiating actions aimed at generating their own energy had no significant impact on the prices of offered goods and services. These findings have significant implications for both scientific research, as they enhance the understanding of the relationship between energy prices and economic activity, and for business practice, supporting energy cost management and energy transformation.

PL

Wzrastające ceny energii stanowią istotny czynnik wpływający na koszty operacyjne przedsiębiorstw oraz mają coraz większy wpływ na globalną gospodarkę. Zbadanie tej zależności ma kluczowe znaczenie dla lepszego zrozumienia złożonego otoczenia rynkowego i dostarczenia informacji niezbędnych do podejmowania racjonalnych decyzji przez przedsiębiorstwa oraz do kształtowania polityki makroekonomicznej państwa. Celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu cen nośników energii na działalność gospodarczą oraz ceny produktów i usług. Badanie ma także na celu dostarczenie informacji potrzebnych do podejmowania decyzji przez przedsiębiorstwa i kształtowania polityki makroekonomicznej państwa. Badanie opiera się na wynikach ankiety przeprowadzonej w czerwcu 2023 r. wśród próby 96 przedsiębiorstw różnej wielkości będących przedstawicielami wielu sektorów gospodarki. Wyniki badania wykazują, że wzrost cen energii przekłada się na podwyżki cen oferowanych produktów i usług przez przedsiębiorstwa. Jednak istotnym wnioskiem jest fakt, że inicjowanie działań mających na celu wytwarzanie własnej energii nie miało istotnego wpływu na ceny oferowanych dóbr i usług. Te ustalenia posiadają znaczące implikacje zarówno dla badań naukowych, poprzez lepsze zrozumienie związku między cenami energii a działalnością gospodarczą, jak i dla praktyki biznesowej, wspierając zarządzanie kosztami energii oraz transformację energetyczną.

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1 Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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1 Lewandowska A. K.

1 Mačanga M.

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1 Vasilev A.

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Geographical context of energy prices in the European Union Member States with special emphasis on the Slovak Republic

The Role of Energy in a Real Business Cycle Model with an Endogenous Capital Utilization Rate in a Government Sector: Lessons from Bulgaria (1999–2016)

Economic and Social Analysis of Energy Carriers

Wpływ cen nośników energii na ceny produktów i usług