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Some Practical Problems of Multivariate Survival Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

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Jasiński B., Kawalec E., Kupść W., Bogdan Jasiński E. K. J. U., Witold Kupść - National Institute of Cardiology
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2002
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vol. 162
EN
In the epidemiological analysis of chronic diseases (most often cardiovascular or cancer) the main problem of interest is the estimation of the risk of death (or getting ill) related to set of characteristics called risk factors. For epidemiological studies typical features are: - large sample size (at least 1000 persons), - long follow up period for survival analysis (5 or more years), - large percentage of censored observations (patients who survive the whole time of study, more than 90%), - large number of registered risk factors. Some practical problems that concern the statistical analysis of the epidemiological data are following: - selection of the survival function model, - selection of the variables included into the model, - inclusion of interaction and/or higher order effect into the model. Some solutions of presented problems were applied to the Polish Part of Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Program (Euro 8202). The program was conducted in 1976-1982 years with long follow up period concerning mortality till 1994 year. The program covered 8603 working men aged 40-59 years in two regions - Warsaw and South-Eastern Poland. Most of statistical analyses were performed on the basis of standard Statistical Analysis System (SAS) package.
PL
Jednym z głównych celów epidemiologicznych badań nad chorobami przewlekłymi (najczęściej układu krążenia lub nowotworowymi) jest oszacowanie ryzyka zachorowania lub zgonu w zależności od zespołu cech - czynników ryzyka. Badania epidemiologiczne charakteryzują się najczęściej następującymi własnościami: - duża liczebność próby, powyżej 1000 badanych; długi okres obserwacji badanych osób, ponad kilka lat; - wysoka frakcja (ok. 90%) osób, które przeżyły cały okres badania bez incydentu chorobowego, tzw. cenzorowanie administracyjne; - duża liczba czynników ryzyka rejestrowanych w badaniu. Analiza statystyczna badania epidemiologicznego wymaga, między innymi, rozwiązania następujących problemów: - wybór modelu funkcji oceniającej ryzyko, - selekcja badanych w modelu czynników ryzyka, - ocena wzajemnego oddziaływania (interakcji) badanych czynników i ocena nieliniowych efektów ich oddziaływania. Rozwiązanie przedstawionych zadań przeprowadzono na przykładzie analizy wyników Polskiego Programu Prewencji Chorób Układu Krążenia przeprowadzonego w latach 1976-1982, obejmującego 8603 mężczyzn zatrudnionych w zakładach pracy w dwóch regionach Polski -Warszawy i Polski Południowo-Wschodniej i rozszerzonego o obserwację postępującą w zakresie zgonu do roku 1994.
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Evaluation of occlusion and orthodontic needs of thirteen-year-old children from Podlaskie voivodeship

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Dargiewicz E., Szarmach I., Kaczyńska J., Buczko P.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2015
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vol. 5
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issue 2
84-92
EN
Purpose: One of the main research aims of epidemiological studies is to prove the prevalence of diseases and physiological conditions among people. The results of these studies enable to implement efficient prophylaxis and to plan proper health care management. Information about the prevalence of malocclusions in children and adolescents is a very important aspect of the planning of preventive care in health policy. In addition, evaluation of malocclusion allows for determining current treatment effectiveness and orthodontic treatment need after the completion of free orthodontic treatment under the Polish National Health Fund, which the legislator provided for children up to 13 years of age.Materials and methods: The study included 500 children, aged 13 years (249 girls, 251 boys) from the Podlaskie voivodeship. The study was conducted in nine junior high schools, in a school nursing surgery using basic diagnostic tools (periodontal probe, dental mirror, laryngological spatula). The rules of Polish orthodontic diagnosis by Orlik-Grzybowska were applied in diagnosis of malocclusion. Dental abnormalities were also determined.Results: Malocclusions were found in 57.8% of patients. 34% of children had distal occlusion belonged to the most frequent irregularities, while lingual occlusions (1.6%) was observed the most rarely. Dental abnormalities, including teeth rotations (81.8%) as most frequent were reported in 82.8% of the respondents.Conclusions: The prevalence of malocclusion in 13 - year old school children from the Podlaskie voivodeship is high and indicates the inadequacy of orthodontic health care program. Distal occlusion is the most common malocclusion No significant differences were found between the prevalence of malocclusion and the place of residence.
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