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Życie seksualne jako obiekt krytyki i źródło inwektyw w literaturze politycznej czasów stanisławowskich. Casus „Zagadek Sejmu Czteroletniego

100%
Kaczyński P.
Prace Polonistyczne
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2013
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vol. 68
73-109
EN
The paper focuses on the collection of political epigrams from the time of the Four-year Sejm. It is compilation of a few hundred pieces depicting in a different light all the participants of the parliamentary sessions, as well as a number of women in these circles. In critical epigrams, the role of an argument is often played by more or less open allusions to love life of the criticised people. Although the riddles touching upon this subject constitute only a minor part of this collection (approx. 14%), different strategies in employing the theme of love life can be distinguished: from delicate taunts to depicting the love life of the given character as the main argument against the person, related to allegations of indifference to the fate of their homeland or even treason. An interesting disparity can be observed while comparing the riddles about men and women. In the case of women, criticism of their love life occurs more frequently than in the case of men. Despite the use of sexual themes as an argument in the political struggle, Polish poetry of the Four-year Sejm era is much less radically vulgar or obscene compared to, for instance, French political literature of the Revolution.
2
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Entymemat jako struktura epigramatyczna. Koncepcja Jakuba Masena

100%
Nowaszczuk J.
Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana
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2015
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issue 1
107-124
PL
Barokowe epigramaty bywają oceniane krytycznie, uznawane za mało ciekawe i wymyślne. Jak się okazuje, dzisiejsi czytelnicy i interpretatorzy mogą błądzić nie tylko w ocenach, ale i rozumieniu dorobku dawnej epoki. Na przestrzeni czasu zagubiony został bowiem w badaniach literaturoznawczych entymemat, jeden z istotnych składników procesu twórczego i jedna z metod odczytywania poezji. Zasady, jakimi kierowano się, korzystając z sylogizmu krasomówczego w poezji, omawia w ósmym rozdziale swojego dzieła pod tytułem Ars nova argutiarum jeden z najwybitniejszych uczonych jezuickich XVII wieku, Jakub Masen. Autor podejmuje utrwalone w dialektyce i retoryce pojmowanie entymematu, oparte na wykładzie Arystotelesa, który skłania się ku tzw. koncepcji stylistycznej rozumienia zjawiska, wiążąc je zasadniczo z kompozycją dzieła. Swój wykład popiera licznymi przykładami i pokazuje, jak łączyć sylogizm z innymi środkami poetyckimi. Dzieło jezuity jest tym bardziej cenne, że stanowiło swego rodzaju itinerarium dla adeptów sztuki poetyckiej. Pozwalało uczniom i czytelnikom poznać niuanse procesu twórczego. Obecnie stanowić może dobre narzędzie do „deszyfracji” zawartego w epigramatach przesłania, co pozwoli bardziej skutecznie i poprawnie tłumaczyć i interpretować dawny dorobek epigramatyczny.
EN
Baroque epigrams are sometimes criticised and considered as not interesting and sophisticated enough. It appears that today’s readers and interpreters may be wrong not only in their judgements but also in their understanding of the achievements of the past era. With the passage of time, literary studies have lost the enthymeme, which is a major component of the creative process and one of the methods for interpreting the meaning of poetry. The principles applied when using rhetorical syllogism in poetry are discussed in chapter eight of the work entitled Ars nova argutiarum by one of the most eminent Jesuit scholars of the 17th century, namely Jakub Masen. The author deals with the understanding of enthymeme as it is established in dialectics and rhetoric, based on Aristotle’s lecture. On the one hand, Masen leans towards the so-called stylistic concept of understanding the phenomenon, linking it – in principle – with the composition of the work. His lecture is illustrated with numerous examples and shows how to combine syllogism with other poetic means. The Jesuit’s work is all the more valuable because it was a kind of itinerarium for beginners in the art of poetry. The work allowed students and readers to discover nuances of the creative process. Today, it can be a useful tool in “deciphering” the message contained in epigrams, which will allow for even more effective and correct explanation and interpretation of the epigrams of the past.
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Epigramatyka barokowa w świetle analizy logicznej

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Wierzbicka-Trwoga K.
Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo
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2015
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issue 5(8)
135-148
EN
The paper considers the question of the logical status of conceited epigram. 16th century theoreticians, for instance J.C. Scaliger, already applied logical methods to the analysis of epigrams, and 17th century theoreticians developed a strict logical description of the so-called compound epigram. This form of epigrams met with particular interest in the Baroque period because of the opportunity it gave to express the construction of a conceit. A conceit was defined as an “argument urbanely fallacious” by E. Tesauro, i.e. an enthymematical construction built upon a metaphor. It should be therefore called a paralogismo, but 17th century theoreticians avoided this term in the belief that the conceit offered special cognitive possibilities. In my paper I use logical methods to analyse the epigrams by J.A. Morsztyn, M.K. Sarbiewski and S.H. Lubomirski, to argue the assumed thesis that conceits served as logical experiments performed in the conviction of the insufficiency of Aristotle’s categories to describe the transcendent as well as the visible world. Above all, the questioning of Aristotle’s principle of non-contradiction allowed Baroque writers to transgress the two classical logical values, “true” and “false”, bringing along the intuition of a third logical value, defined in the 20th century as the “unknown” by J. Łukasiewicz.
4
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Jeszcze w sprawie genezy terminu „fraszka”

85%
Rusnak R.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2019
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vol. 53
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issue 2
213-227
EN
Author, pondering over various meanings of “fraszka” in the work of Jan Kochanowski, expresses his doubts in regards of Sante Graciotti’s thesis, claiming there is no one single case of its genological use in it. Sufficient enough to prove it wrong is the fact of him naming his epigrammatic collection – simultaneously to the process of putting in proper order his output – with the use of nothing other but this exact notion. The impending appropriation of such a use in Polish language has been shortly after confirmed by Melchior Pudłowski’s Fraszek księga pierwsza (1586). In further part of the article author tries to establish the precise moment of the first ever use of the word “fraszka” in print. As it turns out, although Kochanowski makes a use of it for the first time in his Satyr (1564), he was slightly preceded by both Stanisław Orzechowski’s Rozmowa albo dyjalog około egzekucyjej (1563) and anonymous Historyja trojańska (1563).
PL
Autor, rozważając sposoby rozumienia leksemu „fraszka” przez Jana Kochanowskiego, poddaje w wątpliwość tezę Sante Graciottiego, jakoby nie pojawił się ani razu w twórczości pisarza genologiczny sens tego leksemu. Za dostateczny dowód, iż jest inaczej, uznaje on opatrzenie przez czarnoleskiego poetę takim a nie innym tytułem swej obszernej epigramatycznej antologii w momencie porządkowania dorobku całego życia, a potwierdzenie, iż sens ten doczekał się rychłego zadomowienia, przynosi wydany krótko potem zbiór Melchiora Pudłowskiego Fraszek księga pierwsza (1586). W drugiej części artykułu próbuje się ustalić, komu należy przypisać pierwszeństwo, jeśli chodzi o użycie wyrazu „fraszka” w druku. Jak się okazuje, u samego Kochanowskiego leksem ten po raz pierwszy pojawia się w Satyrze (1564), wyprzedzają go natomiast nieznacznie zarówno Rozmowa albo dyjalog około egzekucyjej (1563) Stanisława Orzechowskiego, jak i anonimowa Historyja trojańska (1563).
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Epigramat Boleslaus II Audax z cyklu Vitae Regum Polonorum Klemensa Janicjusza jako tradycja

80%
Słomka vel Słomiński K.
Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura
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2018
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vol. 2 (9)
5-18
XX
In 1563 a series of 12-verse epigrams was issued. It was written by Klemens Janicki and entitled “Vitae Regum Polonorum”. The work features the praises and reprimands of the native sovereigns. Among the criticising poems, one should notice “Boleslaus Secundus Audax”. The first distich of the epigram, portraying the ambivalent nature of Boleslaw the Bold, forms an amplification – it is an example of ratiocinatio, where the readers must decide for themselves which part of the reasoning is being emphasised. The authors of the series referring to “Vitae Regum Polonorum”, namely S. F. Klonowic, J. A. Kmita, M. Paszkowski and J. Bielski, were inspired by the original to a various extend – in some versions the amplification from the 2-verse poem by Janicki changed its nature to incrementum, in others the significance of ratiocinatio was visibly weaker, whereas elsewhere the amplification was not applied at all. It was usually more vivid where the Boleslaw the Bold’s criticism was strongest and the amplification intensity faded out where the criticism was articulated in a more subtle manner.
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Metafora i jej rola w portretowaniu postaci w Źwierzyńcu Mikołaja Reja

80%
Słomka vel Słomiński K.
Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura
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2017
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vol. 1(6)
21-39
EN
3 e study is dedicated to the image creation of the characters in “Źwierzyniec” (“Bestiary”) by Mikołaj Rej (1505-1569), based on the metaphors. This article focuses on determining the role of metaphors in portraying representatives of the nobility environment in “Rozdział wtóry” (3 e second chapter) of “Źwierzyniec”. The analysis is made for the selected epigrams where Rej used metaphors based on pronunciation of the surnames of the characters, comparison of their appearances with traits of character, heraldic charges, family lines or associations with heroes immortalised in culture. As determined, metaphors and similes serve mainly to emphasise and enhance positive traits of the characters. Their form adds attractiveness to the text and makes it easier for the reader to draw morals more effectively, as well.
7
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O cnocie w Ikones książąt i królów polskich Jana Głuchowskiego

80%
Słomka vel Słomiński K.
Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura
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2019
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vol. 2 (11)
35-52
EN
“Vitae Regum Polonorum” by Klemens Janicki (Clemens Ianicius) (1516–1543) based on the Polish tradition of describing Polish rulers. This genre flourishes at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. The numerous translations and paraphrases of the Ianicius’ cycle were created then, including published in 1605, “Icones of Polish princes and kings” (“Ikones książąt i królów polskich”) by Jan Głuchowski (?–1604), who, based on the various rhetorical measures, repeatedly emphasized the role of virtue in the system of ruler’s values, and also formulated its definitions. It appears in the enumeration alongside other monarch attributes, but in different configurations. It also functions in the description of the ruler’s qualities as the culmination of other values. The definitions of virtue were built by Głuchowski using comparisons where he made tendecious associations, such as identification with a jewel. The highest value also appears in apophthegm formulations. Głuchowski most often drew on the proverbs that were popular in the literature at that time, modifying them to emphasize the content.
8
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Pankratija Sumarokowa wkład w rozwój czasopiśmiennictwa rosyjskiego

80%
Dąbrowska M.
Przegląd Środkowo-Wschodni
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2018
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vol. 3
121-138
PL
Artykuł zawiera omówienie roli Pankratija Płatonowicza Sumarokowa (1765–1814) – poety, tłumacza, redaktora czasopism, krewnego Aleksandra Sumarokowa) w dziejach czasopism prowincjonalnych (regionalnych) „Irtysz, priewraszczajuszczyjsia w Ippokrenu” (Tobolsk, 1789–1791) oraz „Biblioteka uczonaja, ekonomiczeskaja…” (Tobolsk, 1793–1794) i stołecznego czasopisma „Wiestnik Jewropy” z lat 1804–1805. Artykuł dotyczy związków Sumarokowa z kierunkami literackimi (sentymentalizm), gatunkami literackimi (epigramat) i polemikami literackimi (Iwan Pnin).
EN
Pancras Platonovich Sumarokov (1765–1814) was a poet, translator, editor of the periodicals and Alexander Sumarokov’s relative. The article presents the role of Sumarokov in the history of the local periodicals: „Irtysh, prevrashchaiushchiisia v Ippokrenu” (Tobol’sk, 1789–1791), „Biblioteka uchonaya, ekonomicheskaya…” (Tobol’sk, 1793–1794), and the capital periodical „Vestnik Evropy” of 1804–1805. The article concerns connections of Sumarokov with the literary movements (sentimentalism), genres (epigram) and literary polemics (Ivan Pnin).
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Z prac nad komentarzem do „Foriceniów” Jana Kochanowskiego

80%
Łukaszewicz-Chantry M.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2024
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vol. 115
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issue 1
PL
Artykuł przedstawia próbkę komentarza do dwóch foriceniów Jana Kochanowskiego: „Ad Luciam” (21) i „De Neaera” (4). Komentarz ten powstaje w ramach nowej edycji „Carmina Latina” czarnoleskiego poety. W odczytaniu obu epigramatów istotny kontekst tworzą nie tylko utwory antyczne (np. z Antologii greckiej), do których polski poeta sięga w ramach renesansowej aemulatio, lecz także nowołacińskie, np. „Lusus” Andrei Navagera czy epigramaty Michaela Marullusa. „Foricenia” wchodzą w relacje intertekstualne z dziełami innych humanistów i współtworzą literackie dobro wspólne renesansowej Europy.
EN
The paper offers a sample of a commentary to Jan Kochanowski’s two foricoenia, namely “Ad Lucinam” (21) and “De Neaera” (4). The commentary is effectuated in connection with a new edition of the poet’s “Carmina Latina”. When interpreting the two epigrams, an important context is made not only by antique works (e.g. from “The Greek Anthology”) to which the poet referred within the framework of the Renaissance aemulatio, but also by New Latin ones, inter alia Andrea Navagero’s “Lusus” and Michael Marullus’ epigrams. “Foricoenia” enters into intertextual relationships with the works of other humanists and contributes to the common good of Renaissance Europe.
10
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Poetyka konceptu Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego w kręgu historii idei

61%
Kołos A.
Forum Poetyki
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2017
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issue 7
6-17
EN
The theoretical writings of Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski have provided a constant focal point of scholarly interest, most often in the context of the study of problems relating to poetry’s concepts and aesthetics, the Christianization of antiquity, or the imitation of Horace. The multifaceted thought of this author, who belonged to a transitional intellectual formation in the history of European thought, can and should nonetheless likewise inspire studies in terms of the history of ideas, which place the object of knowledge at the intersection of artificially separated areas of knowledge. Sarbiewski’s treatise De acuto et arguto, devoted to his conceptist structure of the epigram, represents not only an enunciation of baroque literary theory, but also, read in dialogue with his other writings, reveals a consistent cosmological vision of reality.
PL
Twórczość teoretyczna Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego, cieszy się stałym zainteresowaniem badaczy, którzy najwięcej uwagi poświęcają problematyce koncepcji i estetyki poezji, chrystianizacji antyku czy imitacji horacjańskiej. Wieloaspektowa refleksja autora przynależącego do „przejściowej” formacji intelektualnej w dziejach europejskiej myśli zachęca jednak równie silnie do studiów z zakresu historii idei, które sytuują przedmiot poznania na styku zautonomizowanych dziedzin nauki. Traktat De acuto et arguto poświęcony konceptycznej strukturze epigramatu, stanowi nie tylko świadectwo barokowej teorii literatury, lecz również, czytany w dialogu z innymi pismami Sarbiewskiego, odsłania konsekwentną kosmologię rzeczywistości.
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