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Otázky mediality v Pražské škole? Zpětný pohled

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Müller R., Šidák P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2020
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vol. 81
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issue 1
3-30
EN
The article addresses problems of mediality in the context of the Prague School in its classical period. Drawing from John Guillory’s study “Genesis of the Media Concept”, we work on the hypothesis that new technical media and technologies exerted pressure in the theoretical discourse of the Prague School, via the mutual reflexion of the avantgarde (Nezval, Štyrský, functionalist architecture, the avantgarde theater) and Structuralist thought, to formulate a shift in the delimitation of art. First, we observe the variety of influences that the discourse on film and modern and avantgarde theater had on the Structuralist concepts of the sign, the understanding of the actor or of temporality in art. We further note the tension between linguistic and architectural functionalism in the Prague School thinking and how this tension translates into Mukařovský’s concept of the aesthetic function. Functionalist avantgarde architecture, as we observe, fundamentally influenced Mukařovský’s cultural anthropological theory of functions. On the basis of these converging factors, leading, among other things, to the growing strategic importance of the concept of communication, we conclude by characterizing what we call latent medial traces of certain notions and returning ideas of Prague School theories (apart from sign, the concepts of semantic gesture and unintentionality).
DE
Der Aufsatz widmet sich der Reflexion von Medialität im Kontext der „klassischen Periode“ der Prager Schule (1926–1948). Anknüpfend an die Studie von John Guillory Genesis of the Media Concept gehen wir von der Hypothese aus, dass neue Technologien und neue technische Medien Druck auf die Transformation des Begriffes „Kunst“ im theoretischen Diskurs der Prager Schule ausgeübt haben. Zuerst widmen wir uns dem Phänomen, wie die Reflexion des Films und des modernen und avantgardischen Theaters die strukturalistischen Überlegungen zu den Konzepten „Zeichen“, „Schauspieler“ oder auch „Temporalität in der Kunst“ beeinflusst haben. Weiters konzentrieren wir uns darauf, wie sich die Spannung zwischen dem linguistischen und architektonischen Funktionalismus in Mukařovskýs Denken widerspiegelt. Unserer Beobachtung nach beeinflusste die Avantgarde der funktionalistischen Architektur Mukařovskýs anthropologisch-kulturelle Funktionstheorie maßgeblich. Von der Charakteristik dieser verflochtenen Einflüsse, die sich u. a. dahingehend auswirken, dass der Begriff Kommunikation an Bedeutung gewinnt, gehen wir dazu über, was wir als latente Medialitätsspuren mancher Ideen und Begriffe der Prager Schule – das sind neben dem Konzept „Zeichen“ vor allem „semantische Geste“ und „Unabsichtlichkeit“ – bezeichnen.
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Radost z vícejazyčnosti

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Hoffmannová J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2013
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vol. 74
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issue 3
211-220
EN
The phenomenon of multilingualism can currently be observed and analyzed from various perspectives which are identified and summarized in this article. Multilingualism is of interest for psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, neurolinguistics, conversation analysis and discourse analysis, as well as for researchers working with language management, and phenomena including bilingualism, diglossia and code-switching are the objects of research. This article emphasizes the approaches used in two recent publications: Život s více jazyky (Life with Multiple Languages, 2011) by Ivo Vasiljev and Nejen jazykem českým: Studie o vícejazyčnosti v literatuře (Not Just in Czech: Studies on Multilingualism in Literature, 2011) by Petr Mareš. Ivo Vasiljev’s book is a language autobiography, yet it cannot be considered a mere personal testimony, because the biographic method is established in the social sciences as an important qualitative research method. Petr Mareš, for whom the use of more than one language in Czech literature has been a major long-term research topic, views multilingualism as the bearer of the aesthetic function and as a means of achieving heterogeneity in text structure. Though the perspectives guiding the two books differ greatly, the two authors share a common quest for connections between Czech and other languages (including various varieties of Czech and its overall stratification).
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