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EN
The post-Munich period divided Moravian museums intro three administrative units. In addition to common problems (museum network centralization), certain Nazi elements penetrated their presentation activities. Understanding of ethnographic issue often remained in old, fiercely nationalistic attitudes. During the protectorate, a special status was assumed by German museums that through the Association of Moravian Museums sought to encourage ethnographic efforts of Czech museums in Moravia with a goal to create tendencies centrifugal from the Czech national environment. The takeover of German-Moravian museums by the Czechoslovak administration in 1945 did not mean the end of the activities of Moravian Germans in the area. They were transferred to the area of the Federal Republic of Germany and to Austria where they not only played an important role in the integration of this group into local society but also as a strong evidence of the past life they recalled and still recall the lost homeland.
EN
Categorising and contextualising objects in collections is a natural feature of museum professionals and collectors, which they do both with their own collections and others. Assigning given features to objects is connected with their description (e.g. academic) as well as with inventory and storage requirements. Another reason for such practices may also be mentioned here – the need to classify the world of objects and ideas. One of the categories most frequently used in such operations is the ethnic and cultural (or identity and cultural) category, particularly favoured by ethnologists and ethnographers – hence the non-European, non-Polish, Slavonic, Lithuanian, Ukrainian or even Lemko, Boyko etc. collections in museums (and not only there). Specific comparison of ethnic collections (in this case, Ukrainian) allows at least a few significant questions to be posed regarding the way they function. Firstly, concerning the history of mutual inter-ethnic relations; secondly, concerning their role in Polish ethnographic collecting; thirdly, concerning their impact on the identity of ethnic groups; and concerning the point of ethnicising objects; and finally concerning the impact on the self-reflection of ethnology. The author replies to the questions raised on the basis of his research in 2010–2012 in over ten Polish museums and collections. While presenting the results of his queries, he tries simultaneously to indicate the multidimensional and multi-context way such collections function in Polish culture.
PL
Naturalną cechą muzealników i kolekcjonerów jest kategoryzowanie i kontekstualizowanie obiektów w zbiorach. Czynią to zarówno z własnymi kolekcjami, jak i „obcymi”. Nadawanie konkretnych dystynkcji przedmiotom jest związane z samym ich opisem (np. naukowym), ale i z potrzebami inwetaryzacyjnymi, magazynowymi. Można tutaj wymienić jeszcze jeden powód takich praktyk. Jest nim potrzeba uporządkowania świata rzeczy i idei. W tych zabiegach jednym z najczęstszych jest stosowanie kategorii etniczno-kulturowych (lub tożsamościowo-kulturowych), szczególnie ulubionych przez etnologów, etnografów. Stąd w muzeach (i nie tylko) mamy takie typy zbiorów, jak np.: pozaeuropejskie, niepolskie, słowiańskie, litewskie, ukraińskie czy wreszcie łemkowskie, bojkowskie itd. Swoista komparatystyka zbiorów etnicznych (w tym przypadku ukraińskich) pozwala na zadanie co najmniej kilku ważnych pytań dotyczących ich funkcjonowania. Po pierwsze o historię wzajemnych stosunków międzyetnicznych; po drugie o ich rolę w polskim kolekcjonerstwie etnograficznym; po trzecie o wpływ na tożsamość grup etnicznych; także o sens etnicyzowania przedmiotów; wreszcie o wpływ na autorefleksję etnologii. Autor odpowiada na postawione pytania bazując na swoich badaniach prowadzonych w latach 2010–2012 w kilkunastu polskich muzeach i kolekcjach. Przedstawiając wyniki kwerend, stara się przy tym wskazać na wielopłaszczyznowe i wielokontekstowe funkcjonowanie owych zbiorów w kulturze polskiej.
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